Comparison of Nursing Theories

Comparison of Nursing TheoriesJessica N. BakerThe grand treat theories ar too abstract to effectively drop dead drill, but they flush toilet cater a world draw. Middle figure theories, on the other hand, be less abstract, but argon more easy linked to expend. Compare and contrast these two types of supposition and how they can be used to inform ANP practice using mavin grand theory and one middle range theory as examples.Nursing theories are organized frameworks of concepts and purposes to guide breast feeding practice (Risjord, 2010). Two types of nursing theories are grand nursing theories and middle range nursing theories. Grand nursing theories encompass all aspects of the human experience and allow for general application whereas middle range theories are less abstract and are more specific (McKenna Slevin, 2008). Although there are similarities and differences between grand nursing theories and middle range theories both types of theories can express to be effe ctive when informing advanced nursing practice (McCrae, 2012).Grand nursing theories are broad in field and relate to larger areas of nursing much(prenominal) as promotion of health for all individuals in a society (Powers Knapp, 2011). Although broad and non-specific, grand nursing theories provide several implications for advanced practice nursing. It is widely known that healthcare is constantly becoming more daedal at an exponential rate. Because of rapidly increasing mixedities the abstract nature of grand theories can be useful for complex phenomena relevant to nursing such as aging populations and complex disease states (Florczak, Poradzisz, Hampson, 2012). Grand theories can highlight the complexities of these and other complex issues concerning for advanced practice nursing in a global society (Im Ju-Chang, 2012). By using grand theories the advanced practice nurse can view each lymph node both as an individual as well a part of larger systems (Florczak, Poradzisz, Hampson).One grand theory that can be used to guide advanced nursing practice is Neumans systems model. This theory uses measure as the basis for health promotion and it provides a holistic and schoolwide approach to maximizing knob health by focusing on stressors that influence the relationship between the client and the environment (Florczak, Poradzisz, Hampson, 2012). The environment is comprised of five co-ordinated biological, mental, environmental, social, and spiritual variables (Neuman Fawcett, 2012). The role of the nurse is to retain stability in the client-environment relationship through three levels of prevention (Florczak, Poradzisz, Hampson). These include primary prevention that occurs before the client experiences a reaction to a stressor, secondary prevention that occurs after the client experiences a reaction to a stressor, and tertiary prevention that occurs after the client has been tempered through secondary prevention methods (Skalski, DiGerolamo, Gigl otti, 2006).Using Neumans systems model the advanced practice nurse can clearly identify appropriate interventions at divers(prenominal) stages of disease processes (Lee, 2014). By discussing the five environmental variables with patients, partnerships can be created to mutually create goals (Skalski, DiGerolamo, Giglotti, 2006). The advanced practice nurse can also promote prevention through client education and counseling (Neuman Fawcett, 2012).Like grand nursing theories, middle range theories provide several implications for advanced practice nursing. Middle range theories can be described as the link connecting research and practice (Fawcett Garity, 2009). Middle range theories can be descriptive, explanatory, or predictive and each plays a role in informing and guiding advanced nursing practice (Fawcett, 2005). When compared to grand nursing theories, middle range theories have a narrower scope, great levels of specificity, and greater ease of concept application (Powers Knapp, 2011).A middle range theory that influences advanced nursing practice is the theory of optimal client system stability. This theory was derived from the grand theory of Neumans systems model as described above. This theory has only one proposition and that is that stability represents system health (Neuman Fawcett, 2012). This theory is useful because interventions by the advanced practice nurse are linked to client outcomes (Florczak, Poradzisz, Hampson, 2012). There are multiple applications when age, health status, and stressors are identified (Risjord, 2010). One such example is a study of fatigue in patients with diabetes by Casalenuovo (2002) that examined the relationship between stress, wellbeing, and fatigue. In this study the author concluded that interventions aimed at enhancing client well-being reduced fatigue.Both grand and middle range theories are sets of interrelated concepts to guide thinking in advanced practice nursing (Risjord, 2010). However, there a re many differences between these two types of theories. Grand nursing theories consist of conceptual frameworks to provide broad insight useful for general practice. Because of the level of abstraction they are usually not well testable (Florczak, Poradzisz, Hampson, 2012). Grand theories are often developed through insightful appraisal and considerations. Middle range theories are narrower in scope and are a bridge between grand theories and nursing practice (Fawcett Garity, 2009). Because middle range theories are less abstract and their concepts are more easily operationalized they allow for hypothesis testing. Middle range theories are often evolved from grand theories, literature reviews, and clinical practice making them more specific to nursing practice (Florczak, Poradzisz, Hampson).Despite multiple differences, both grand theories and middle range theories have a role in informing and influencing advanced practice nursing. Grand nursing theories define the role of nurs ing and separates nurses within the infrastructure of health care professions whereas middle range nursing theories guides the nurse to considerations when making clinical decisions (Florczak, Poradzisz, Hampson, 2012). The different types of theories provide different advantages for practice. These two types of theories are complementary and each type can contribute to advanced nursing practice and knowledge (Risjord, 2010).ReferencesCasalenuovo, G. A. (2002). Fatigue in diabetes mellitus scrutiny a middle range theory of well-being derived from Neumans theory of optimal client system stability and the Neuman systems model. Dissertation Abstracts International, 63(5), 2301B.Florczak, K., Poradzisz, M., Hampson, S. (2012). Nursing in a complex world A case for grand theory.Nursing Science Quarterly,25(4), 307-312.Fawcett, J. (2005). Middle-range nursing theories are necessary for the advancement of the discipline.Aquichan,5(1), 32-43.Fawcett, J., Garity, J. (2009). Evaluating re search for evidence-based nursing. Philadelphia, PA F. A. Davis.Im, E., Ju-Chang, S. (2012). Current trends in nursing theories. daybook of Nursing Scholarship,44(2), 156-164.Lee, Q. (2014). Application of Neumans system model on the management of a patient with asthma.Singapore Nursing Journal,41(1), 20-25.McCrae, N. (2012). Whither nursing models The value of nursing theory in the consideration of evidence-based practice and multidisciplinary health care.Journal of Advanced Nursing,68(1), 222-229.McKenna, H. P., Slevin, O. (2008).Nursing models, theories and practice. Oxford Blackwell.Neuman, B., Fawcett, J. (2012). Thoughts about the Neuman systems model A dialogue.Nursing Science Quarterly,25(4), 374-376.Powers, B., Knapp, T. R. (2011).Dictionary of nursing theory and research. New York, NY Springer.Risjord, M. W. (2010).Nursing knowledge Science, practice, and philosophy. Chichester, West Sussex Blackwell.Skalski, C., DiGerolamo, L., Gigliotti, E. (2006). Stressors in fi ve client populations Neuman systems model-based literature review.Journal of Advanced Nursing,56(1), 69-78.