America’s Two Assemblies Essay Example for Free

America’s Two Assemblies Essay Introduction The U.S. government is composed of a bicameral Congress. The first one is the Senate, which is represented equally by the states. The second one is the House of Representatives, which is represented by population. This setup is proposed by the Connecticut Compromise, which combines the proposal of New Jersey and Virginia regarding the issues surrounding the creation of a new Congress. New Jersey, one of the smaller states, insisted that each state should have equal representation in the Congress. But the Virginia Plan argued that a legislature based on population is more fitting. So as a result, the two proposals were combined satisfactorily forming the two houses of the Congress (Lader 2002, 55). The U.S. Senate, or the upper house, is bestowed with different powers, one of which is the power to approve the laws and treaties created by the presidential or the executive branch of the government, as well as the ones coming from the lower house. It approves the laws and treaties by the virtue of two-thirds of votes of the whole Senate population. If that number is not reached, the law can be outwardly rejected, shelved, or is requested to be amended (Powers and Procedures 2006, 1). The lower house, or the House of Representatives, on the other hand, is bestowed the power to create bill which, in turn will turn into a law that the whole nation will follow, and eventually, benefit from. The House of Representatives meets to create bills and resolutions, discusses them, and passes them on to the Senate for further review and ratification (The Legislative Process 2006, 1). These are the basic functions of both the Houses. The functions of creating laws will be further discussed in this paper to show that these two assemblies are essential in any system of government to ensure checks and balances on government power. II. Making a Law A bill starts from an idea of a person. It won’t matter if he is a part of the Congress, a social group or organization, or just a regular citizen. The idea then is brought to the House of Representatives so that they can hear out the pros and cons about it. A group especially designed to cater to the needs and the interest of that idea hears it. For example, if the idea is about education, the House Committee on Education and the Workforce handles it. The law starts from a single thought that is processed and formed into a bill (Donovan 2004, 6-11). All American law starts out this way as a bill. A bill is a document that proposes an entirely new law or an amendment to an existing one. The bill can be passed by any member of the Congress, even though the idea of making a law comes from government departments or from political parties, as announced in the party platforms during election campaigns. A bill passed by a member of the House of Representative as projected by the government is called the â€Å"Government Bill.† If an individual member of the Congress passes a bill, it is called a â€Å"Private Member’s Bill† (Brody 2001, 1-3). A bill is not a law yet; it has to be approved first by both the Houses of the Congress, and should be affirmed by the incumbent President. The two Houses of Congress will be assessing the bill and has the power to add proposals to make the necessary changes in it. These proposals are usually debated on; speeches are crafted to pronounce a member’s stand towards the bill. The Congress will be voting towards the approval or the shelving of the bill. Usually, the bill has to be read thrice and has to go through all the necessary changes before it is successfully passed on each House of Congress (Holder 1997, 1-4). Here, we see the interaction of the two Houses of the Congress. A law can impact the nation’s economy, and so that the lawmakers themselves, either from the upper or lower house won’t make a law that would benefit them individually or wholly. Intense deliberation and scrutiny is performed on the every bill that was conceptualized and is passed in the hope that it will be implemented only to benefit the many (Brady McCubbins 2002, 17). III. The Showcase of Balance The innate need of one House of the Congress for the other shows that there is balance in the legislative branch of the government itself. One cannot exist without the other. A bill will not become a law in the absence of either the houses. There would be no law implemented and conceptualized by just one House alone. A single law has to go through the process as required by both the Houses of the Congress (Sajo 1999, 69). These laws, on the other hand, will not become valid without being finalized and approved by the executive branch of government, which is composed of the President and his Cabinet. The final say still belongs to the Head of State. But he cannot influence the Congress as to what laws they should make or ratify. The executive branch can propose and lobby for a bill, but it cannot fully instruct the Congress to just pass it in its favor. Even if the bill is proposed from the above, it still has to go through the same processes. No special treatment is given (Sajo 1999, 89). At this point, the balance between the two branches of the government, namely executive and legislative becomes evident. The President of the United States in his supreme power and capacity, cannot, in any way, influence the Congress to absolutely work for him. He cannot mandate what laws he wanted to be created and passed over to him for finalization. In essence, his office is equal to the legislative office. They work in parallel of each other, so that one cannot take advantage of one another (Sajo 1999, 99). Without the Congress doing its job, the President will have the freedom of making laws himself for whatever reasons he finds urgent. And laws have a big impact to a nation. One wrong law could mean economic distress. One selfish law could suppress freedom. One inappropriate law could wreak havoc. Without the Congress, the President will have his absolute power. The U.S. democratic form of government is gone and a totalitarian form of government will take its place. When that happens, the power shifts heavily to the executive branch of the government (Borrelli 2002, 18). Another branch of the government is the judicial branch. Although the branch does not actively participate in the law-making process, it is directly involved in the implementation of such laws. Even if the legislative body makes the laws and the executive finalizes it, they do not participate in the process of making sure that the laws are fully observed and strictly followed by all members of the society. This is the job of the judiciary. The law applies to all, and that includes the lawmakers who created them and the President of the United States himself. Without the judicial branch of government doing its assigned task of maintaining harmony and peace within the nation’s constituents, the laws would become worthless (Berger et al 2001, 606). IV. The Law and the Society A harmonious society simply cannot exist unless the people who belong in it respect all the governing law implemented to a considerable degree. Laws have the power to settle certain issues in the society and the government. If all people respect the law enough, they would choose to reconcile their individual differences to the context of what is right and valid, as provided by the law’s provisions. All laws should be respectable and sound enough to be appreciated by everyone. Law and morality should also come hand in hand; otherwise, the people will have to choose either to lose their morality or their respect of the law. Laws are created so as to maintain justice in the society; therefore law and justice should be one and the same in the minds of the people (Bastiat 2004, 22). Lawmakers should take it upon themselves to make and amend laws according to the interests of the general public and not for their own personal gains. Laws should help accelerate the resolution of current social conflicts and national dilemma. Every law in the land should represent their citizens accordingly. The law is so powerful it can make a society; and that power is also enormous enough to destroy it in a rather big and convincing way (Lempert Sanders 1986, 15-20). And this is the main responsibility bestowed upon the shoulders of the legislative branch of government. A balanced government cannot exist in the absence of the Congress. The power will swing indefinitely to either the judicial or the executive branch. And the result of that can prove to be perilous to the society (Lempert Sanders 1986, 26-27). V. Conclusion The American law is intensely compiled, created, and enacted to serve a greater purpose in the society. The burden of enhancing the laws does not depend solely on the solons and lawmakers. We, as individual members of the society, have an immense duty to promote and participate in the creation of these laws as well. We have to be active members of the society and have to make a mark for our own good. We should all help the legislative branch to preserve the balance of power in the government and the society. Works Cited Bastiat, Frederick. (2004). The Law. Montana: Kessinger Publishing. Berger, Marsall J., Schatz Gerald S., Laufer Deborah S. (2001). Federal Administrative Dispute Resolution Deskbook. Illinois: American Bar Association. Borrelli, Maryanne. (2002). The Presidents Cabinet: Gender, Power, and Representation. Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers. Brady, David W McCubbins, Matthew D. (2002). Party, Process, and Political Change in Congress: New Perspectives on the History of Congress. California: Stanford University Press. Brody, David C. (2001). Criminal Law. Maryland: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Donovan, Sandy. (2004). Making Laws: A Look at How a Bill Becomes a Law. Minnesota: Lerner Publications. Holder, Angela R. (1997). The Meaning of the Constitution. New York: Barrons Educational Series. Lader, Curt. (2002). Barrons How to Prepare for the Ap U.S. Government and Politics. New York: Barrons Educational Series. Lempert, Richard Sanders Joseph. (1986). An Invitation to Law and Social Science: Deserts, Disputes and Distribution. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Powers Procedures. (2006). United States Senate. [Online] Available at http://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/history/one_item_and_teasers/powers.htm. Sajo, Andras. (1999). Limiting Government: An Introduction to Constitutionalism. New York: Central European University Press. The Legislative Process. (2006). United State House of Represenatives. [Online] Available at http://www.house.gov/house/Tying_it_all.shtml.

Differences and Similarities in Hamlet :: Essays Papers

Differences and Similarities in Hamlet (1) Shakespeare’s play Hamlet [Titles] uses character flaws and strong emotions to highlight strengths and weaknesses in his characters. He also uses differences and similarities between characters to force action along the path he intends the story to travel. This technique is called using foils. The likes or dislikes of one character for another can completely alter the direction of the story. For example, love of a son for his father can be twisted and perverted, with the proper use of characters, into an outlet for hatred and revenge. [This is a very nice idea for a thesis, but instead of using Gertrude and Ophelia as foils (See below.), it would have been much better to use Fortinbras, who, like Hamlet, is also a son of a king who has been killed. Gertrude and Ophelia simply do not fit the category of "son."] (2) An example of foils is Hamlet and Laertes. [Which is the foil?] They both love their fathers, but their love has been distorted and all they feel now is a need for revenge for their fathers’ deaths. The need they have for revenge is fueled by their love for the father’s [No '] they lost. However, they pay for this with their lives. They both are honorable men, they both see the errors they made and forgive each other at the end of the play. Hamlet and Laertes are similar in some ways and different in other ways. (3) Laertes blames Hamlet for the death of his father. [Poor topic sentence] This becomes even worse when Claudius doesn’t openly punish Hamlet because of his popularity. Hamlet knows that Laertes is a good soldier and is loyal to Claudius. These men differ in the way they seek revenge. Laertes, upon arrival and hearing of his father’s death immediately goes to Claudius and seeks justice for his father. On the other hand, Hamlet doesn’t show any need for speed at all. He begins to devise an intricate plan of faked mental instability and other ploys to get his way. However, Laertes would not hesitate to take his revenge quickly. [This is, perhaps, Laertes' most important role as a foil for Hamlet. It should be emphasized more, by showing how Laertes' haste brings Hamlet's procrastination into the sunlight.

Operational Management Fields of Hard Rock Cafe Essay

Operation management is an academic field of study that focuses on the effective planning, scheduling, control and use of service firm and their operations as show by the case study of the Hard Rock Cafà ©. The operational management synthesizes concepts that have been produced from all other departments such as quality management, accounting, information systems and inventory among others. To ensure that the company has sustenance in the business, it is always paramount to have operational management strategy. This will ensure that the management of the resources that they have will always be used as required and towards development of the business. There are different strategic levels that are involved in the operation management. Various managers to ensure that the final goals and objectives are met spearhead these levels. Therefore, these levels will be evaluated in the Hard Rock Cafà © to see how well they have met them in conjunction to the way they operate their business. Du ring layout of the operations, strategic managers are supposed to ensure that long time level management strategy is put in 0place to ensure that the business is able to pass the test of time thus expanding to bigger heights. Operational managers in the hotel are supposed to ensure that decisions on their food production service as well as delivery is well planned to ensure that the hotel have consistent service delivery. Process and layout decision of the business, site location as well as the capacity that the business can hold at any given time is part of the strategic management that will be evaluated. In evaluating Hard Rock Cafà ©, various elements will be looked at and how best the business has satisfied them. Therefore, to ensure that it there is exhaustive evaluation, these components will be categorized in the following ways. †¢Increase of hotel Capacity †¢vertical integration †¢Technology used in the business. †¢Recruitment and employees maintenance †¢Expansion strategy †¢Increase in Capacity According to the history that the Hard Rock Cafà © has demonstrated over the years, it vividly shows that it has bigger capacity currently. With its 30 years of existence, it has made it possible to have 100 cafà ©s, three hotels, casinos, live music venues, a huge annual Rock fest concert as wells a rock museum. Due to the capacity that the cafà © enjoys, it is regarded to be among service industry that in US has employed 75% of its population. Its operational management strategy of ensuring that it increases its capacity has made it expand spontaneously throughout the country with 40 locations in different places in US by 1998. This has ensured that it is serving a meal capacity of 100,000 meals on daily basis. Its capacity expansion has seen the then cafà © expand growing to over 106 locations in 38 countries in the world. Through their good capacity growth, the hotel has been named among the top ten-restaurant worldwide enjoying 92% name recognition. Vertical integration According to microeconomics and management this a style that a business sector that adopt. It is especially where by different companies in supply chain is united through a common owner to produce market-specific service to ensure that customer’s needs are satisfied. Through upholding this operational management strategy, the business avoids hold up problem. In the Hard Rock Cafà ©, there are different customers especially tourist who come from different countries. According to their case study, 70% of their customers are tourist from different countries. Therefore taking note of this, they have ensured that different food to ensure that they satisfy their customers. The Cafà © has grown to global arena where they have applied vertical integration strategy through making sure that they have integrated the traditional food of those places to ensure that at the end, they satisfy their customers. According to the statistics, the cafà © has gone to 40 different countries global ly therefore; they had to ensure that they have that vertical integration strategy. Their variety menus that they offer depending with the country they are situated in are like pork, beef and chicken. Other foods are like hamburger, cheeseburger, French fries among many others depending with the demand of their customers. All the sales of the above named food are managed from a central position in t headquarter to ensure diversification of the menu and appropriate change according to the prospected customers. This ensures the business have a very intensive growth now rated among the top ten restaurant in the world. Use of Technology in the business For every business that has a future projection, technology is paramount in their operational management. Failure to uphold technology in the business, their services will eventually turn obsolete. Therefore, to ensure that they increase the speed of the services that they offer to their customers, Hard Rock Cafà © has upheld technology especially the computer technology that is so rampant in the business sector. This is to ensure that they increase the efficiency of their business, reducing procurement cost as they operate globally as well as multitasking. This makes them to ensure that they have increased the productivity of the company. According to the business case study, it shows that the heart of the sale forecasting of the business is the point-of-sale system (POS). This system helps the business to capture data of the transaction that have been done in the cafà ©. The system give the business the ability to estimate the number of the customers who visit their business as e very entry represent one customer. This is very helpful in putting production and expansion strategy. The method is quick and efficient with low cost involved. The data that is capture is transferred to the main offices in Orlando corporate database. This is where the process f0orecast is done through evaluation o the data capture on daily basis. This ensures the business is capable of maintaining sustainable services to the customers thus satisfying their customers’ needs. Due to the appropriate use of the technology, the financial team that is lead by Lindsey is able to forecast guest count, retail sales, concert sales and banquet sales of each cafà © per month. This lead to appropriate operational management. In the act of holding the technology, the business has done well in this service sector. They have introduced a sophisticated application of statistics in the menu planning. They have used multiple regression method through the appropriate usage of computer that help s in computing the impact of demand of one meal to other menu whenever the price has been changed. Therefore, this help them to plan well incase of price change especially to the supplementary menus. This helps the business to capitalize in this strategy to increase their sales. Workforce of the business Any business idea can be driven to accomplish bigger things in the business arena or be guided to a terrible failure by the kind of the employees that are employed. Through deployment of competent employees and ensuring that their morale is kept high through incentives, the goals of the business are easily achieved. This is because they know what to do and how to it better. According to most of the human resource managers, they regard employees as the most important resource in the business. Therefore, they needed to be appreciated and be held with utmost respect. They need to be reward through monetary and non-monetary programs to ensure that they deliver according to the required level. Hard Rock Cafà © is not an exceptional. According to their operational management strategy, recruitment and maintenance of the employees in the company has been their core value. They are out to create a good working environment for their employees to ensure that the culture that they have created is sustained. According to them, they accept and nurture creativity, diversi ty and individuality of each employee to ensure that they employees are given freedom to explore their diversity. This environment according to corporate training manager, it creates a working environment of the company beyond paycheck creating new challenge on daily basis. This is helpful to the employees as it increases their production. The business ensures that it gets the best employee in the initial stage that ensures that he/she is easily integrated to their culture. A new applicant is screened in different aspects that will make them be easily integrated in the business operation. They look for a highly motivated, bright, positive altitude individual who have an employee bill of rights and substantial employment empowerment. Through a proper recruitment process, they have ensured that they are able to maintain a low labor turnover. Employees are subjected to training to ensure that they are competent in their functioning. Everyone who go to work in the Cafà ©, they get Rock 101 which is a two day training class. This enables them to be integrated in the working team much faster. The work force of the Hard Rock Cafà © is offered a good package of reward among other incentives. There are offered overtime allowances and benefits for those who work for overtime. They offer internal training to individuals as well as high-level internal promotion that make the employees production to be always high. According to the company, 60% of the managers in the cafà ©, they are promoted from hour working ranks. Expansion strategy The main aim of al the business is to make profit. Otherwise, this can be well demonstrated through their idea of expansion. This means that, they are capable of meeting other basics needs of the company as well as getting more resources to compete with others in different arenas. Expansion of a business is of different nature. This ranges from the variety of the products that they offer on daily basis, opening of new branches as well as recruitment of more employees in the business capacity. According to Hard Rock Cafà ©, the business has embraced this operational management strategy through carefully choosing a new location whenever the expansion is to be upheld. They ensure that they make a good and a careful decision making process to ensure that the investment that has to be placed in it meet a long time investment strategy. To ensure that their expansion strategy does not go in vain, they ensure that they are sensitive on those factors that may be a setback to their investment s. Such factors are political risk, social norms of that location, social cost, currency risk, brand fit and business practices. The business uses global operation strategy, which is a multi domestic strategy. They tat time engage in the franchise as way of acquiring business firm ground in the new location. This also ensure that they are capable of local ownership of the business bring about unique capability therefore decreasing difficulties in the implementation of their goals. Operations management challenges of Hard Rock Cafà © in considering an expansion of its business into Hanoi All the business that has an objec5tive of doing their business across the boundaries of their country encounters several challenges. Hard Rock Cafà © is not an exceptional as it has been hit by different challenges across the globe. In considering its expansion in Hanoi Vietnam, it should be well prepared because according to different market survey done in that country shows that, though the town is developing at an alarming rate, it poses different challenges to especially foreign business. Some of the challenges that are likely to be encountered by the business are discussed below. Infrastructure Despite of the town being the capital city of Vietnam, it is far from establishing good infrastructure to cater for the business that is done in the town. Poor transport facilities are conspicuous making transportation of goods as well as services to be expensive and difficult. Hard Hotel especially will experience this challenge, as its customers are mostly tourist who may require good transport facilities. The communication facilities have not grown better as compared to most of other towns like Hong Kong in Japan. This makes the business that requires intensive communication to ensure that they operate their business like Hard Rock Cafà © to be threatened to use more of its resources in communication facilities making their initial cost of starting the business in Hanoi be very high. Calamities Vietnam is a country that is prone to such calamities as earthquake of high magnitude. Such calamities cannot be predicted making most of the business in towns like Hanoi to always be at risk. Therefore, if the Hard Rock Cafà © is ready to open a business in this place, they should have to anticipate the cause of loss that might be severally caused by this calamity. They may have to do lots of investment in insuring their business against such calamities that means higher operation cost. Government policies The cost of doing business in Hanoi poses great challenge that come about with the policies that the business has to encounter from the government of Vietnam. The tax imposition is high especially to foreigners making them to operate at high prices thus low turn over. There is a lot of problem regarding the laws governing the start of the business making it take a lot of time to start it. This may put off the business at the initial stage thus loss incurred. Therefore, the Cafà © require having a long focus in the start of the business, which is still expensive in terms of time, resources and money. To get finance from the government is tedious and regulated so much. This will make the business to come prepared to virtually finance solely from their own cash. This may be a little bit disadvantageous to the business as it may require some more financing from the government in the end. Discrimination According to the research that was done in the town, most of the business from the foreign countries succumb discrimination from the residence. This through the language barrier as well as not preferring to buy from their business. Though this has been declining with time, it has been in limelight for a while making the business loss considerably compared to the homegrown businesses. Therefore, the Hard Rock Cafà © should be prepared to form a strategic plan to counter that. Competition Due to the globalization, most of the business is taking the advantage of getting to the developing countries. According to PriceWaterHouse Coopers, Hanoi has been rated among the towns that are growing very fast in terms of population t0owards 2015. There is also projection of building of another airport in the town before 2015 to add to the one that is in the town. This will make the town to be very accessible from all over the country. Therefore, this has made much business including Hotel services business to flock in the town. This makes such business as Hard Rock Cafà © to be prepared for stiff competition that may pose danger to the expansion of the business in the town. This will require them to get good strategy to cope up with the competition Cultural practices and ethics The services that Hard Rock Cafà © offers are surrounded by culture and ethics of each community. Therefore, this is an anticipated challenge that the hotel will have to face in the country. With most of the population being Buddhist in religion taking a share of 92%, the hotel should ensure that they do good analysis of the service that they require in terms of food, music and other services. They have to ensure that they are able to integrate these cultures with other to create acceptance. Opportunities for Hard Rock when considering an expansion of its business into Hanoi Finances Due to the position that the business has, it is capable of overcoming the disadvantage that most of the competitor are experiencing due to finance. It has been operating for a long time therefore, having the advantage of strong finance hold that can be able to sustain it until the business that it will open in Hanoi gets a good ground. This will make it more competitive in such a fast developing place and taking that advantage to propel to greater height. Experienced personnel As the Hard Rock has been in other international markets, most of these problems has been solved else where by its personnel. Therefore, by the personnel, that it recruits who are diverse and very flexible in their way of working, they are capable of solving different issues concerning the business and strategizing for further growth in all the countries including Vietnam. Integrated services The business offers integrated services that most of its competitors do not offer. A part from food and services, they offer entertainment such as music. Due to cultural diversification of the town, there are always parties and celebrations at different times over the years. The town has a good number of Christians, Islam, and Buddhist among other religions who have different celebrations according to their culture in different time of the year. This makes the market a favorable place for the Hard Rock Cafà © to use its integrated services to especially make their business be accepted in this place by the residence. This is through involving all the cultural and religion values through music and interrelation events in their cafà ©. Growth of the town The population of this town in 2004 was rated to be about 4 million people. However, after six years, the population has grown past six million with anticipation with more. This means cheap labor will be available for the business as well as great market for their products. The building of another airport in the town will increase the ease of transport and hence reduce cost. It will also offer an additional terminal for the tourist to the town. This will be a great boost to Hard Rock Cafà ©. Conclusion Hard Rock Cafà © has established itself as a competing business in the international arena. This has made it to go all over the world at be chosen among the top ten restaurant worldwide. Therefore, through its objective human resource and good organizations structure as well as highly rated personnel, it is likely to be one business to watch in the service providing industry in the near future.

Breathing The Process Of Respiration - 1124 Words

Breathing: The process of respiration, during which air is inhaled into the lungs through the mouth or nose due to muscle contraction and then exhaled due to muscle relaxation (NOAA 2015). I have never done any form of meditation in the past therefore it was kind of difficult to start this exercise, however I was anxious to. I must say it was very easy to separate myself from everything and everyone since it was a customary habit. I was also very excited to be able to carry out this assignment on my peers. Day 1 On the first day I was asked to close my eyes and focus on my breathing while paying attention to the air flowing in and out of my nostril and also to observe the movement of my chest while breathing. At first, it was a bit difficult to concentrate because of all the thoughts that have been flowing through my mind; I tried as much as possible to blank them out. On many attempts I was able to concentrate on my breathing and at the same time ignoring my environment. When I did this, I noticed that I was not able to hear my breathing but felt the rhythmic movement of my chest. It was a calm and peaceful moment that almost sent me to sleep. I felt light and free and wanted to remain in this mode for a long time, however time did not permit me to do so. As I opened my eyes it burned from keeping it closed for so long and also as it had to adjust to the lighting around me. Day 2 On the second day I was more relaxed and open minded to carry out the experiment sinceShow MoreRelatedA Study On Cellular Respiration979 Words   |  4 Pages1. Define the following terms: a. Cellular respiration (aerobic respiration) (2 points) – the process of oxidizing food molecules to carbon dioxide and water. Glucose is an example. b. Fermentation (anaerobic respiration) (2 points)- metabolic process that converts sugar to acids, gas, or alcohol. 2. Summarize what occurs during the three steps of cellular respiration and indicate where each process takes place in the cell. 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