The Scripal Affair Anti-Russian Smear Campaign Essay Example

The Scripal Affair: Anti-Russian Smear Campaign Essay On March 4 a previous British-Russian twofold specialist Sergei Skripal and his little girl Yulia were harmed in a somewhat electrifying manner. They were discovered drooped oblivious on a seat in Salisbury in the wake of being presented to a military-grade nerve specialist, which as per the British specialists has a place with a Novichok group of operators created by the Soviet Union. A few days after the fact during the dire gathering called by the United Nations Security Council, British PM Theresa May reprimanded the Russian government for Skripal’s harming alluding to the nerve specialist cause and to Russia’s record of directing supported deaths. England gave Russia a final proposal with a 24-hour cutoff time to uncover whether it was an immediate activity by the Russian State or the way that the Russian government had lost control and permitted this assault to occur. Russian authorities denied any contribution in the Salisbury episode, focused on that Moscow is available to any collaboration with the UK and requested access to the examples of the nerve-operator that was utilized to harm Skripal. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Scripal Affair: Anti-Russian Smear Campaign explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on The Scripal Affair: Anti-Russian Smear Campaign explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on The Scripal Affair: Anti-Russian Smear Campaign explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer After the UK’s demand for a record of harming was rejected by Moscow, the British specialists forced assents on Russia expressing that there was no tenable reaction. Reformatory estimates incorporated the biggest removal of Russian representatives since the hour of a Cold War, constraining strategic flies and freezing Russian state resources in the UK. Moscow sent London four strategic notes welcoming to talk about the Skripal issue however the UK declined neither to coordinate nor to give any adequate data working on it, including tests of the nerve specialist. The British government baselessly blamed Russia for harming Skripal and didn't give any adequate explanation behind the assault. On the off chance that we have a more intensive look, there is by all accounts no sensible intention in Russia to bring Skripal down since the previous government agent had been imprisoned in Russia for a long time and afterward lived straightforwardly in Salisbury for eight. In the event that a Russian ser

Pre-Tensioning in Civil Engineering

Presentation : The possibility of pre tensioning has been around for quite a long time and has been applied to numerous structures, for example, wagon wheels, wooden barrels and so on. In these cases warmed metal is made to simply fit an article. At the point when the metal cools it contracts and initiates prestress into the item consequently fortifying it. The possibility of pretensioned concrete has been around since the late nineteenth century, yet its utilization was restricted by the nature of materials accessible at that point. It wasn’t until the 1920s that materials of a reasonable quality were accessible in adequate amount to permit pretensioned cement to be utilized with certainty. The pioneers of this field were Freyssinet, Magnel and Hoyer. Depiction: In pre-tensioned cement malleable components, for example, links, strips, or poles are braced under determined tractable pressure (Stage 1). Concrete is thrown around these components and permitted to fix( Stage 2). When completely solidified the cinches are discharged and the pressure is moved inside the inflexible solid (stage 3). Up to a heap is applied inside as far as possible, the solid auxiliary component will never be exposed to tractable worry of adequate power to cause disappointment. Pre-tensioning can be utilized in pre-given a role as well as in cast set up development. The vast majority of the pre-tensioning development strategies are licensed despite the fact that the fundamental standard utilized in every one of them is normal and is notable. Hard drawn steel wires which are indented or pleated are favored for pre-tensioned components due to their boss bond attributes. Little width wires of 2 to 5 mm are for the most part utilized as strands containing two, three or seven wires. High Strength Concrete blend: Pre-focused on concrete requires solid which has a high compressive quality, with similarly higher elasticity. Low shrinkage, least wet blanket qualities and a high estimation of Young’s modulus are commonly esteemed vital for concrete utilized for prestressed individuals. Utilizations: Common uses incorporate Railway Sleepers, Communications Poles, Pretensioned Precast â€Å" Hollowcore† chunks, Pretensioned Precast Double T units â€for extremely long ranges, Pretensioned precast modified T pillars †for limited capacity to focus, Pretensioned precast PSC heaps, Pretensioned precast entryway outlines. Options: The option to pre-tensioning is post-tensioning. In a post-tensioned pillar, the ligaments are pushed and each end is secured to the solid segment after the solid has been thrown and has accomplished adequate solidarity to securely withstand the prestressing power. In the posttensioning technique, ligaments are encased in a pipe or sheath or covered with oil or a bituminous material before putting them in the formwork to keep them from turning out to be attached to concrete. Focal points: Prestressed concrete has the accompanying favorable circumstances 1. Since the procedure of prestressing disposes of breaking of cement under all phase of stacking, the whole segment of the structure partakes in opposing the outer burden. As opposed to this, in fortified concrete, just the part of the solid above nonpartisan hub is successful. 2. Since the solid doesn't split, the chance of steel to rust and of cement to weaken is limited. 3. Nonattendance of splits brings about higher limit of the structure to endure inversion of stresses, effect, vibration and stun. 4. In prestressed solid bars, dead loads are for all intents and purposes killed. The responses required are in this manner a lot littler than required in fortified cement. The diminished dead burden weight of the structure brings about investment funds in the expense of establishments. The balance of dead burden is of significance in enormous extensions. 5. The utilization of bended ligaments and the pre- pressure of solid assists with opposing shear. 6. The amount of steel required for prestressing is around 1/3 of that required for strengthened cement, in spite of the fact that the steel for the previous ought to have high elasticity. 7. In prestressed concrete, precast squares and components can be accepted and utilized as one unit. This recoveries in the expense of covering and focusing for enormous structures. 9. Prestressed cement can be utilized with advantage in every one of those structures where pressure grows, for example, tie and suspender of a bow string brace, railroad sleepers, electric shafts, and so on 10. Prestressed solid shafts for the most part have low avoidance.

CMG490 MOD 5 CA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

CMG490 MOD 5 CA - Essay Example Impediments of this CMS likewise can push the organization bankrupt. An agreement the board framework should work for recovering and following of any data applicable to contracts. Security worries of Company about this CMS are additionally serious. Edward is as yet missing best administrations of CMS in the market. It can't find any record in the framework. CSM is a comprehensive methodology for the security and information excess. IT the board frameworks are significant for both customer and the executives even a customer doesn't have adequate information about these frameworks. USDA Rural Development in New York signs an agreement with an EPA affirmed to control the Lead Hazard control framework. Projectmate is all the more usually utilized programming as agreement the executives programming by customers. SWOT examination of Projectmate bolsters the engineer to see the potential dangers of the development. The Projectmate is electronic and can be gotten to by the untouchables who a re unessential of the framework. Cost and Time parts of the Projectmate give more chances to administrator to draw in more customers. BuildTool is programming like capacities for Projectmate in the market This paper tends to the various parts of the agreements and agreement the executives frameworks. Agreement will be characterized from various purpose of perspectives, and its administration for the associations. Life cycle the board of an agreement is fundamental for the including parties in an agreement. Subsequent to setting up the significance of the CLM, the preliminary procedure of a wrongdoing is the piece of this examination that will call attention to the significant phases of a criminal preliminary procedure. A Contract the board framework is a framework that has been upgraded for the capacity and the executives of authoritative understandings in recorded structures. CMS is past the straightforward record in that agreement the executives and by and large cover with merchant the board frameworks (Betz, 407). In the cutting edge setting, contracts are considered to

Explaining the Success and Popularity of Susanna Rowsons Charlotte Temple - Literature Essay Samples

In her novel Charlotte: A Tale of Truth, probably better known under the title of Charlotte Temple, Susanna Rowson relates the unfortunate life of a young girl for a specific purpose that she presents in the opening lines of her work, through the following words: â€Å"and may, I flatter myself, be of service to some who are so unfortunate as to have neither friends to advise, nor understanding to direct them, through the various and unexpected evils that attend young and unprotected woman in her first entrance into life† (Rowson 3). The author of this masterpiece probably ignored at that time the success that her work would encounter through the following centuries. Indeed, firstly published in 1791 in England, Charlotte Temple has gone over two hundred editions to this day and is still described as â€Å"entertaining and readable† nowadays (Parker 59). The fact that a conduct manual originally written to educate young girls of the late eighteenth century remains popul ar to this day is probably the result of countless factors. The purpose of this essay is to discuss three of the numerous aspects of the story that contributed to the popularity of Charlotte Temple. It will be suggested that the success of this novel comes, primarily, from the form which Rowson has chosen to compose her work; secondly, from the author’s intrusions throughout the tale and finally, from the verisimilitude of the plot. In the first instance, this essay will thus focus on what is partly responsible for Charlotte Temple’s success, namely the form Rowson has selected to relate Charlotte’s story. The particularity of this tale is that it includes a certain number of letters, without however being categorized as an epistolary novel. This framework has allowed Rowson to exclusively select the benefits of the epistolary structure and, as it will be discussed later, to simultaneously avoid the negative effects that this form might cause. First of all, let us focus on four strengths of the epistolary form that are present in Charlotte Temple. Professor Donna Campbell brings up three of them, which are: â€Å"[to allow] feelings and reactions to be presented without authorial intrusion, [to give] a sense of immediacy because the letters are written in the thick of the action, and [to allow] the writer to present multiple points of view† (Campbell). Fourthly, I would like to suggest that the epistolary form globally leads the reader to get more implicated in the story. Hence, the combination of both, the benefits listed by Campbell and the aspect of implication, is a first approach to explain the success of Susanna Rowson’s novel. In accordance with the advantages put forward by Campell, it is true that Rowson takes the opportunity to let her characters express their state of mind by themselves through their letters. Mrs. Temple, for example, uses one of her letter to demonstrate her maternal affection towards Charlotte when she writes that â€Å"As to-morrow is the anniversary of the happy day that gave my beloved girl to the anxious wishes of a maternal heart† (Rowson 72). Charlotte also expresses her feelings back towards her mother, later in the story, when she mentions her remorse, asserting that â€Å"my heart bled at the thought of what you would suffer† (132). In the same letter, she also shares her pain by writing â€Å"Oh! never, neve r! while I have existence, will the agony of that moment be erased from my memory† (132). Eventually, she mentions her helplessness when she asks, â€Å"But how shall I proceed?† (133). By accessing directly to the feelings of the characters, the readers are given the opportunity to get to know better each of the letters’ writers and will consequently get more implicated in the story. Besides the free expression given to her characters, Rowson also uses the â€Å"sense of immediacy† that Campbell praises in epistolary novels. Indeed, the author of Charlotte Temple applies the idea that the character composes his or her letter in the heat of the moment. This can be seen when Charlotte inserts the following detail in a letter to her mother: â€Å"(I feel the burning blush of shame die my cheeks while I write it)† (133). The same effect can also be noticed in Montraville’s letter to Charlotte when he adds â€Å"To-morrow – but no, I cannot tell you what to-morrow will produce† (158). These kinds of comments give the audience the impression that the characters genuinely wrote the letters, which brings verisimilitude to the story. Therefore, if the plot seems plausible or even entirely real to the readers, the latter will, once again, feel more implicated in it. Finally, Rowson has exploited the last advantaging feature that Campbell highlights regarding the epistolary form, namely its ability to allow several points of view in the same story (Campbell). She gives Lucy Temple, Montraville and Charlotte the opportunity to express themselves and share their inner thoughts through their letters. The multiplicity of the points of view shows to the reader that Rowson does not simply add characters to shape a story around the protagonist, but that she creates them fully, giving them the ability to write, to think and to feel, which, again, increases the plausibility of the plot and the reader’s implication in the story. Either it is with the genuine expression of the character’s feelings, the â€Å"sense of immediacy† or the multiplicity of the points of view, the readers are given every chance to get involved in the story. According to Janet Gurkin Altman, â€Å"the epistolary form is unique in making the reader (narrate) almost as important an agent in the narrative as the writer (narrator)â₠¬  (Altman 88). It is true that , more generally, this form creates a feeling of implication in the story which is explained by Altman as â€Å"the result of a union of writer and reader.† (88) and by Blythe Forcey as a â€Å"correspondence between the writers within the novel but also a correspondence between the writer of the novel and its readers† (Forcey 229). The main idea behind these two explanations is that by adding letters in a story, the writer creates a connection between himself or herself and the readers. Therefore, thanks to this bond, as well as Campell’s list of the epistolary form’s benefits, Rowson’s readers feel more implicate in the plot which leads them to have a better appreciation of the story in general and this can primarily explain the extent of the success encountered by Charlotte Temple. It is now legitimate to wonder why Rowson has not chosen to construct her novel entirely in the epistolary form as it possesses several silver linings. Blythe Forcey comes up with one main issue linked to this structure which can justify Rowson’s choice. When thinking of the exchange of letters as a reciprocal experience between the reader and the writer, as mentioned above, the audience has to interpret correctly what the author wants to convey. However, the period in which Rowson has written Charlotte Temple, as well as her purpose to write for young and innocent girls, were incompatible with such form, â€Å"[k]nowing that [she was] writing in a time of rapid transition and for many possible audiences (rural/urban, British/American, naà ¯ve/worldly, male/female, moral/amoral)† (Forcey 229). In this context, Rowson’s public was too diversified to be assured that everyone would interpret correctly the message the author wanted to communicate. Following, this id ea, Forcey also points out that â€Å"all the characters, even the villains, are allowed to ‘speak for themselves’ through the inclusion of their letters, they each have an opportunity to attract the sympathy and identification of the reader† (233-34). As the purpose of Rowson is to offer a manual of conduct for young girls, it would have been, once again, too dangerous to let them interpret the story by themselves. Thus, â€Å"[w]ithout the protective boundaries established by a controlling narrative presence, the epistolary novel leaves the female protagonist exposed, vulnerable, and even invisible† (230) and hence, what prevented Rowson from writing her whole tale in the epistolary form is the lack of directions that the narrator needs to give to the reader in order to avoid misinterpretations, misunderstandings and the risk of being seduced at the same level as Charlotte was. The second aspect that contributed to Charlotte Temple’s success as a conduct manual is Rowson’s participation to the novel as a â€Å"guardian† narrator. This specific appellation used by Forcey to describe the author’s voice is, according to him, a â€Å"warm, motherly presence, [through which] this narrator acts as an editor, moralizer, translator, and guide for her young reader† (Forcey 230). In addition to Forcey’s explanation, I would suggest that Rowson’s voice as a â€Å"guardian narrator† possesses three functions that all contribute to the popularity of the novel. It acts firstly as a counter-effect of the negative aspects of the epistolary form. Her intrusion in the story serves secondly to guide the audience by insisting on important aspects of the tale and finally, Rowson’s voice, by using direct address, aims at grasping her readers’ attention and giving them a sensation of individualization. Even if Charlotte Temple is not considered as an epistolary novel, the risk remains that naà ¯ve young girls get seduced by some of the letters written by â€Å"the villains†, as Forcey call them (229). To counter this danger, Rowson has simply chosen not to include some letters, whose content might attract young and innocent souls. For example, she substitutes Montraville’s letter by the following explanation: Any reader who has the least knowledge of the world, will easily imagine the letter was made up of encomiums on her beauty, and vows of everlasting love and constancy; nor will be surprised that a heart open to every gentle, generous sentiment, should feel itself warmed by gratitude for a man who professed to feel so much for her; nor is it improbable that her mind might revert to the agreeable person and martial appearance of Montraville. (Rowson, 39) Thus, Rowson has succeeded in writing her tale of truth and in conserving all its verisimilitude but without damaging her idea to make her novel a conduct manual adapted for young girls. Another function of Rowson’s voice as a â€Å"guardian† narrator is to insist on certain passages to make sure that the readers understand the message she conveys. This phenomenon occurs several times in Charlotte Temple. It is the case, for example, when she relates the early life of Mr. Temple and when, at some point, she explains that â€Å"Temple heard the news with emotion: he had lost his father’s favour by avowing his passion for Luca, and he saw now there was no hope regaining it† (34). At first sight, this summary of the situation given by Rowson can seem useless to any attentive reader. However, it is not impossible that young readers could have misunderstood the previous dialogue between Mr. Temple and his father. Extrapolating on the idea that she writes for in nocent souls, it is true that the author’s comment is justified. This insistence on specific aspects of the story can be easily noticed with the introduction of new characters in the plot too. For instance, when she mentions Miss Weatherby for the first time, in addition of a preliminary description and the insertion of an illustrating poem, Rowson comments that [s]uch was Miss Weatherby: her form lovely as nature could make it, but her mind uncultivated, her heart unfeeling, her passions impetuous, and her brain almost turned with flattery, dissipation, and pleasure† (32). The same process applies to the description of Montraville (57), a character with whom the reader is already familiar at this point of the story. Probably the most striking examples of Rowson’s insistence are the following: â€Å"The reader, no doubt, had already developed the character of La Rue; designing, artful, selfish, . . .† (92) and â€Å"Let not the reader imagine Belcour†™s designs were honourable† (95). Thus, even if she is aware that the audience is, at this stage of the tale, well-acquainted with the characters of Charlotte Temple, the author keeps pointing out certain aspects on which the readers are expected to be focused in order that they cannot be confused later with any of the characters or with any of their intentions. Finally, the third function of the guardian narrator is Rowson’s ability to catch her audience’s attention thanks to direct address. Throughout Charlotte’s tale, she keeps speaking directly to them with interpellations such as â€Å"Oh my dear girl† (41), â€Å"thoughtless daughters of folly† (51), â€Å"Oh my friends† (85), â€Å"my dear young readers† (86), and so forth. Several times she goes further than just naming them and actually interrupts the story. It occurs when she devotes a whole chapter to the reader’s hypothetical reaction to her tale. Indeed, in the twenty-eighth chapter, Rowson anticipates the fact that the reader are getting tired of Charlotte’s misfortune and writes â€Å"my lively, innocent girl, I must request your patience. . . . I pray you throw it not aside till you have persued the whole; mayhap you may find something therein to repay you for the trouble† (169). In the same chapter, she also imagines the questions that are being raised by her readers and answers them (170). This interruption in the course of the story calls the readers to order and grasps their attention back. The idea that Rowson catches the interest of her audience can be seen in shorter passages as well. The following passage is a common example of Rowson’s brief intrusion in Charlotte’s tale : Oh my dear girl – for to such only am I writing – listen not to the voice of love, unless sanctioned by paternal approbation: be assured, it is now past the days of romance: no woman can be run away with contrary to her own inclination: then kneel down each morning, and request kind heaven to keep you free from temptation, or, should it please to suffer you to be tried, pray for fortitude to resist the impulse of inclination when it runs counter to the precepts of religion and virtue. (41) Further than just catching their attention, this extract even gives to the reader a sensation of individualization. This feeling comes from two main aspects. On the one hand, Rowson addresses directly her reader when she starts with â€Å"Oh my dear girl†. On the other hand, she dictates a certain behaviour through imperatives such as â€Å"listen not†, â€Å"be assured†, â€Å"kneel down†, and so on. These instructions resemble greatly the guidance of an older sister or a caring mother. And how could a lost and confused young girl ignore the advice of an older and caring relative? Another typical example of this motherly role appears when Rowson acts like a big sister in the name of mothers to underline the pain undergone by Mrs. Temple with Charlotte’s disappearance (85-86). Hence, Rowson’s voice appears to be a way to grasp the readers’ attention and even give them a sense of individualization that could explain the success of Charl otte Temple. The third and last factor suggested to explain the success of Rowson’s novel is the verisimilitude of the story. This phenomenon is defined by The Oxford Dictionnary as [the] appearance of being true or real† and the author of Charlotte Temple makes sure that her plot complies with this idea. Firstly, and from the very beginning of her novel, she draws the readers’ attention on the fact that they should â€Å"consider [Charlotte Temple] as not merely the effusion of Fancy, but as a reality† (3) and confirms the real existence of the protagonist when she claims that â€Å"an old lady . . . had personally known Charlotte† (3). This is what critics, such as Elias Nason, praise in Charlotte Temple by asserting that it is â€Å"a faithful transcription of real life, in 1774, and hence it is a living book, and criticise it as we may, the people after all will read it, weep over it and enjoy it† (Nason 47). Several factors contribute to the verisimil itude of the plot. As previously mentioned in this essay, the letters enhance the plausibility of Charlotte’s story thanks to the way they are composed, the multiplicity of their writers and their content. What also gives the story an aspect of reality is the recurrent shifting of the points of view. It is a way to remind the reader that life goes on after the departure of the protagonist to the New World and that although Charlotte is the centre of the story, other characters continue to exist. This can be seen when Rowson devotes a whole chapter to Charlotte’s parents who remain in England (Rowson 151-54). The same effect applies with Montraville when he has an argument with his father (61-64). The plausibility of the plot plays a major role for a conduct manual. Indeed, if the author wants to convince young girls by making them learn anything from Charlotte’s experiences, the plot must either be real or at least seem to be, so that it can have an impact on th em. Charlotte Temple has encountered a success that remained unrivalled for a long time and the reasons that could explain such popularity are probably countless. The purpose of this essay was to discuss three of these reasons. The first way to explain such success has been said to lay in the structure of the novel itself. The fact that Rowson chose to include a certain number of letters without relying entirely on the epistolary form allowed her to create the perfect framework for a conduct manual. Indeed, it has been demonstrated that this structure allows the reader to be confronted to the character’s feelings, to benefit from a sense of immediacy, to discover the story from several points of view and generally, to get more implicated in the plot. It has also been discussed why Rowson did not only rely on the epistolary form despite all its strengths. The second part of the essay has been devoted to Rowson’s voice, which plays a crucial role to reach the goal of her work , either in countering the negative effect of epistolary novels, in guiding her reader on important aspects of the story or in giving the audience a sensation of individualization. Last but not least, the third part of this essay has suggested that the verisimilitude of the plot was also necessary to the novel’s success. Further elements probably also contributed to the popularity of Charlotte Temple, such as the presence of morals throughout the story, the universality of the themes, the societal context of the end of the eighteenth century, and so on. But what can be therefore assumed at the end of this paper, is that the three aspects presented above can be considered as central pillars of the popularity of Charlotte Temple. Works Cited Altman, Janet Gurkin. Epistolarity: Approaches to a Form. Ohio State University Press, 1982. Campbell, Donna. Charlotte : A Tale of Truth (Also known as Charlotte Temple) Brief Background Notes from Lecture on Rowson, public.wsu.edu/~campbelld/amlit/rowson2.html. Forcey, Blythe. â€Å"Charlotte Temple and the End of Epistolarity.† American Literature, vol. 63, no. 2, 1991, pp. 225–241. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/2927163. Nason, Elias. Memoir of Mrs. Susanna Rowson, With Elegant and Illustrative Extracts from her Writings in Prose and Poetry. M.A. Albany: Joel Munsel, 1870. Parker, Patricia L. â€Å"Charlotte Temple by Susanna Rowson.† The English Journal, vol. 65, no. 1, 1976, pp. 59–60. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/814701. Rowson, Susanna. Charlotte Temple. A tale of Truth. Third American Edition, ed., Stephen C. Ustick, 1797. â€Å"Verisimilitude: Definition of verisimilitude in English. â€Å"Oxford Dictionaries† | English, Oxford Dictionaries, en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/verisimilitude.

Facts on Mass Shootings in the US

On Oct. 1, 2017, the Las Vegas Strip became the site of the deadliest mass shooting in American history. A shooter killed 59 people and injured 515, bringing the victim total to 574. Mass shootings in the United States are getting worse, statistics show. Heres a look at the history of mass shootings to explain the historical and contemporary trends. Definition A mass shooting is defined by the FBI as a public attack, distinct from gun crimes that happen within private homes, even when those crimes involve multiple victims, and from drug- or gang-related shootings. Historically, through 2012, a mass shooting was considered a shooting in which four or more people (excluding the shooter or shooters) were shot. In 2013, a new federal law reduced the figure to three or more. Frequency Increasing Every time a mass shooting occurs, a debate is spurred in the media about whether such shootings are happening more often. The debate is fueled by a misunderstanding of what mass shootings are. Some criminologists argue that they are not on the rise because they count them among all gun crime, a relatively stable figure year-over-year. However, considering mass shootings as defined by the FBI, the disturbing truth is that they are rising and have increased sharply since 2011. Analyzing data compiled by the Stanford Geospatial Center, sociologists Tristan Bridges and Tara Leigh Tober found that  mass shootings have progressively become more common since the 1960s. Through the late 1980s, there were no more than five mass shooting per year. Through the 1990s and 2000s, the rate fluctuated and occasionally climbed as high as 10 per year. Since 2011, the rate has skyrocketed, climbing first into the teens then peaking at 473 in 2016, with the year 2018 ending at a total of 323 mass shootings in the United States. Number of Victims Rising Data from the Stanford Geospatial Center, analyzed by Bridges and Tober, shows that the number of victims is rising along with the frequency of mass shootings. The figures for deaths and injuries climbed from below 20 in the early 1980s to spike sporadically through the 1990s to 40 and 50-plus and reach regular shootings of more than 40 victims through the late 2000s and 2010s. Since the late 2000s, there have been 80-plus to 100 deaths and injuries in some mass shootings. Most Weapons Legally Obtained Mother Jones  reports  that of the mass shootings committed since 1982, 75 percent of the weapons used were obtained legally. Among those used,  assault weapons and semi-automatic handguns with high-capacity magazines  were common. Half of the weapons used in these crimes were semi-automatic handguns, while the rest were rifles, revolvers, and shotguns. Data on weapons used, compiled by the FBI, show that if the failed Assault Weapons Ban of 2013 had been passed, the sale of 48 of these guns for civilian purposes would have been illegal. Uniquely American Problem Another debate that crops up following a mass shooting is whether the United States is exceptional for the frequency at which mass shootings occur within its borders. Those who claim that it does not often point to Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) data which measure mass shootings per capita based on a countrys total population. Looked at this way, the data indicate that the U.S. ranks behind nations including Finland, Norway, and Switzerland. But these data are based on populations so small and events so infrequent that they are statistically invalid. Mathematician Charles Petzold explains on his blog why this is so, from a statistical standpoint, and further explains how the data can be useful. Instead of comparing the United States to other OECD nations, which have much smaller populations and most of which have had just one to three mass shootings in recent history, compare the U.S. to all other OECD nations combined. Doing so equalizes the scale of population and allows for a statistically valid comparison. This comparison indicates that the United States has a mass shooting rate of 0.121 per million people, while all other OECD countries combined have a rate of just 0.025 per million people (with a combined population three times that of the United States.) This means that the rate of mass shootings per capita in the U.S. is nearly five times that in all other OECD nations. This disparity is not surprising given that  Americans own nearly half of all civilian guns in the world. Shooters Nearly Always Men Bridges and Tober found that of the mass shootings that have occurred since 1966, nearly all were committed by men. Just five of those incidents—2.3 percent—involved a lone woman shooter. That means men were the perpetrators in nearly 98 percent of mass shootings. Domestic Violence Connection Between 2009 and 2015, 57 percent of mass shootings overlapped with domestic violence, in that the victims included a spouse, former spouse, or another family member of the perpetrator, according to an analysis of FBI data conducted by Everytown for Gun Safety. Additionally, nearly 20 percent of attackers had been charged with domestic violence.   Assault Weapons Ban The Federal Assault Weapons Ban that was in effect between 1994 and 2004 outlawed the manufacture for civilian use of some semi-automatic firearms and large capacity magazines. It was prompted into action after 34 children and a teacher were shot in a schoolyard in Stockton, California, with a semi-automatic AK-47 rifle in 1989 and by the shooting of 14 people in 1993 in a San Francisco office building, in which the shooter used semi-automatic handguns equipped with a hellfire trigger, which makes a semi-automatic firearm fire at a rate approaching that of a fully automatic firearm. A study by The Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence published in 2004 found that in the five years before the bans implementation, assault weapons it outlawed accounted for nearly 5 percent of gun crime. During its period of enactment, that figure fell to 1.6 percent. Data compiled by the Harvard School of Public Health and presented as a timeline of mass shootings show that mass shootings have occurred with much greater frequency since the ban was lifted in 2004, and the victim count has risen sharply. Semi-automatic and high-capacity firearms are the weapons of choice for those who perpetrate mass shootings. As  Mother Jones  reports, more than half of all mass shooters possessed high-capacity magazines, assault weapons, or both. According to this data, a third of the weapons used in mass shootings since 1982 would have been outlawed by the failed Assault Weapons Ban of 2013.

Raymond Carvers A Small Good Thing Essay example - 842 Words

Raymond Carvers A Small Good Thing Raymond Carvers A Small Good Thing, a short story that has to do with the lack of interaction and empathy between the baker, Ann and Howard, the finale where the baker is startled to find out about the childs death, asks for mercy and presents them warm cinnamon rolls telling them that Eating is a small, good thing in a time like this and they are comforted, reveals particular significance of the title in terms of the storys theme. Also, Raymond Carvers Cathedral, a story that starts with an ignorant and rude narrator whose wife has called a blind friend to spend the night at their home and according to Carver, A blind man in my house was not something I looked forward to,(38) has some†¦show more content†¦After the baker takes all the rage thrown on him by Ann, he in return begs for forgiveness and gives the parents what they were lacking, that is food. The baker does all this even though he is alone and virtually makes contact with anybody. In Raymonds Cathedral, certain similarities can be drawn from the thematic content that is revealed in both stories. In Cathedral, the theme is expansive, but the ones that are similar in both stories are communication, and empathy. The communication theme in this story is much more serious than the one in A Small Good Thing, the reason being that the narrator has less or no communication whatsoever with his wife. This is vividly shown in the story where the narrator says When the time rolled around, my wife went to the depot to pick him up. With nothing to do but wait, I was having a drink and watching TV.(41) This deficiency of intimacy, intercourse led the narrator to be ignorant but very thoughtful. However the narrators thoughtfulness did not lead him to understand that his lack of tolerance was much more serious than he knew it was. In A Small Good Thing, as mentioned earlier, after Howard returns home, the baker keeps on calling him and telling him about the cake, but Howard tells him I dont know anything about a cake, Jesus what are you talking about? Ann never tells Howard about the cake she ordered before Scotts accident. Here the lack of communication theme is less seriousShow MoreRelated An Analysis on the Similarities and Differences in Raymond Carversâ€Å"A Small Good Thing† and â€Å"The Bath†2727 Words   |  11 Pages In Raymond Carvers The Bath and rewritten version of the story entitled A Small, Good Thing, the author tells the same tale in different ways, and to different ends, creating variegated experiences for the reader. Both stories have the same central plot and a majority of details remain the same, but the effects that the stories have upon the reader is significantly different. The greatest character difference is found in the role of the Baker, and his interaction with the other charactersRead MoreThe Lives and Works of Raymond Carver1692 Words   |  7 Pagesstyle of writing, Raymond Carver has left a lasting and outstanding impact on the history of short stories. Even though Raymond Carver left a long impact, his life was of the opposite. Like Raymond Carver’s famous award winning stories, his life was short. Raymond Carver was born on May 25th, 1938 in Clatskanie, Oregon, a mill town on the Columbia River. Carver grew up in Yakima, Washington. Carver had three members to his small family, his mother, his father, and brother. Carver’s only had one siblingRead MoreAnalysis Of Raymond Carver Cathedral1260 Words   |  6 PagesRaymond Carver is often known for his writing style known as minimalism, a style that often uses short phrases or sentences that convey a great amount of meaning. Carver’s â€Å"Cathedral† is full of minimalism, whether it be short and repetitive dialogue or brief thoughts that go through the n arrators mind. These intentionally precise sentences are full of meaning, whether it be the importance of communication, or the lack of, the underlying tones of death and jealously, or even the psychological connectionRead More Themes in Raymond Carvers Literature Essay743 Words   |  3 PagesThemes in Raymond Carvers Literature In Short Cuts, by Raymond Carver, characters experience trials and problems in their lives, whether extreme such as in A Small, Good Thing and Lemonade or nominal such as in Vitamins. They all seem to depict these struggles as uphill battles which the characters cannot and mostly do not overcome. The characters throughout Carvers Short Cuts struggle through their lives in private desperation, often to ultimately realize that they are bound toRead MoreAnalysis Of Raymond Carver s The Cathedral 863 Words   |  4 Pages One of the Raymond Carver story where we can find a lot of religion symbols; it is â€Å"Cathedral.† The story develops an ironic situation in which a blind man teaches a sighted man to truly â€Å"see† for the first time. Near the end of the story, Carver has these two characters work together on a drawing of a cathedral, which serves as the symbolic heart of the story. The cathedral represents true sight, the ability to see beyond the surface to the true meaning that lies within. The narrator’s drawingRead MoreMinimalism by Raymond Carver Essay3013 Words   |  13 PagesLiterary Criticism Minimalism by Raymond Carver English 210 P. Fishman Research Paper Literary Criticism on Minimalism by Raymond Carver Raymond Carver was a master of the short story during the mid nineteenth century due to his unique minimalistic style. Carver has his own artistic signature when it comes to writing, he tells his stories usingRead MoreThemes Of A Small, Good Thing Essay968 Words   |  4 PagesThemes in ‘A Small, Good Thing’ Life consists of persistence and lethargy; patience and tragedy; felicity and suffering; experiences and failures; ups and downs; and accepting the good with the bad and the bad along with the good. These details create ‘slices of life’ moments in our lives. As we read Raymond Carver’s short stories, we see these beautiful moments come to pass. One of the short stories that presented this was ‘A Small, Good Thing’, where Carver demonstrates occurring themes of lonelinessRead MoreAnalysis Of Raymond Carver s Cathedral 1340 Words   |  6 PagesRaymond Carver’s characters were considered to be very much like him: â€Å"’on the edge: of poverty, alcoholic self-destruction, loneliness† (Mays 32). His short story â€Å"Cathedral† is about a young couple, who have a visitor coming to stay with them. This visitor, Robert, is the wife’s friend, and he is blind. The narrator, the husband, has never met someone who is blind , was bothered by that. To him, being blind meant constantly needing help from others. His depiction of blindness was what he has seenRead MoreA Sacred Place1124 Words   |  5 PagesA Sacred Place A sanctuary is a sacred place where a person can feel safe and find peace within oneself. It is the theme of sanctuary that relates Irene Zabytko’s â€Å"Home Soil†, Raymond Carver’s â€Å"A Small, Good Thing† and Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, to one another. In Irene Zabytko’s â€Å"Home Soil†, the narrator tato talks about the harsh experiences he had in his past. He talks about how he was forced by the German’s to go out and herd up the crowds in the streets, â€Å"Read MoreAnalysis Of Raymond Carver s Cathedral1696 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Everyone has ghosts in their closets; something they are running from, or trying to bury alive. Cathedral, written by Raymond Carver, takes place in the early 1980’s. Originally published in The Atlantic Monthly in 1981. Carver slightly revised the story and re-released it in 1983. At a time when the blue collar working class lived paycheck to paycheck, working hard for newfound luxuries such as color television, this short story is humorous and eye-opening for the reader. For adults

Effects of Mobile Computing on Organizations-myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theEffects of Mobile Computing on Business Organizations. Answer: Introduction The technology of mobile computing signifies the accessibility of information from any geographical location providing the source of internet. Mobile computing technology can be identified as a system involving a number of components i.e. electronic devices, internet, and hardware set up (Gu, Niu and He, 2016). Due to the advancement of modern technologies and information system, mobile computing has become a mandatory part of the maximum number of social people living in developed as well as emerging nations. Basically, all the devices are connected via the internet to form a web that can be utilised to share and access information and data at any location (Dar et al., 2015). The research proposal has been developed to evaluate the basic concepts associated with the term mobile computing. In modern-day communication, information technology has been updated on a regular basis influencing the standards of communication and interactions. The proposal primarily investigates how mobile computing effects on a business organisation. The study delivers a range of literature including the advantages and disadvantages of the technology. In addition, the study provides the methodology that can be utilised by the researcher to accumulate secondary as well as primary data to conduct the entire research. Also, the limitations of the research as well as the research timeline have been presented in the study for better understanding. Project Objective The primary aim of the research proposal is to identify the impact of mobile computing on business operations of global SMEs and MNCs. Evidently, the business proposal will be developed to investigate what are the major benefits of adopting the mobile computing technology on business organisations. In the contemporary business scenario, flexibility and accessibility of data and information has been the key to success. By considering the latest business trends of modern business firms, the research will verify how mobile computing has contributed towards the development of communication and interactions among the workforce (Subramanian, Yang and Zhang, 2007). Furthermore, the study will analyse the disadvantages of using the mobile computing as well to create a balance. In the meanwhile, the rapid development of ICT has undoubtedly contributed to the expansion of business organisations. The study will analyse the previous literature to find more evidence so that the advantages of util ising the technology can be discussed at the academic level. Project Scope The research aims to develop a theoretical study on the use of developed technology such as mobile computing in modern business organisation. An in-depth analysis of the previous literatures will be conducted in the study in order to critically review the findings of the prior authors and researchers (Dar et al., 2015). Additionally, the methodology used to conduct the research will be presented in the study to help the readers understand how the research has been conducted and what techniques can be used in the future to conduct more investigations in the chosen field (Agero et al., 2014). Moreover, the analysis and findings sections will present the data collected through primary research in order to answer the identified research questions. The findings of the research will be helpful for the management of different organisations to understand the advantages and disadvantages of using mobile computing technology and take effective decisions (Dar et al., 2015). Finally, the recomme ndations derived from the study will be helpful in understanding the issues and developing adequate management strategies to properly manage the use of mobile computing in workplace environment. Literature Review In the contemporary era of technological advancement, mobile computing has become one of an essential component in an organisational perspective (Basha, 2014). In the recent times, mobile computing has evolved at the highest order like no other technology in Information Communication Technology (ICT). According to Han, Liang, and Zhang (2015), mobile computing has advanced the operational procedure to a great deal by delivering a number of advantages and benefits to the firms. For instance, mobile computing has enabled rapid conversation and interactions, quick feedback, 24-hour availability, and effective accessibility and flexibility from anywhere to handle emergency circumstances, etc (Han, Liang, and Zhang, 2015). Evidently, the introduction of Smartphone technology has immensely contributed to the evolution of modern mobile computing facilities. In another review of the literature, Dinh et al. (2013) discuss the significance of modern mobile-based cloud computing technology and the role of the system in the contemporary business firms. According to the study of the authors, the invention of latest electronic devices such as Smartphone, laptops, Smartwatch, and tablet computers has transformed the entire system of mobile computing. The affordable prices of the components used in mobile computing have provided the opportunity to the common public to access the system more often than not. Furthermore, the revolutionary invention of Android and IOS operating system technology by Google and Apple respectively has given the birth of highly accessible mobile devices (Dinh et al., 2011). By using the devices and other electronic gadgets, organisational people can be connected to each other in an electronic way with the help of the internet connection (Mitra, Saguna, and Ahlund, 2014). Therefore, electronic communication and interact ions can be utilised at the highest order to save lots of paperwork. Apart from that mobile cloud computing enables the organisation people to store electronic documents in cloud storage system that can be accessed from any geographical location (Kwon, Baker and Church, 2014). In addition, mobile cloud computing technology helps the SMEs to reduce a significant amount of time and operational cost. In terms of analysing the disadvantages of the mobile computing, privacy and security of documentation can be the biggest issue to be faced by modern organisations. According to Pejovic and Musolesi (2015), the security of the Smartphone technology and software must be scrutinised before using the technology in organisational benefits. Moreover, by the use of the internet and cloud storage, valuable documentation and files are saved that can be exploited in case any security breach. Apart from that, data privacy is another major issue in mobile computing. For instance, Smartphone has regularly collected the data of the users and send it system. Precisely, any external force can infiltrate the data and exploit the save information that may lead to a chaotic situation (PalKaur and Kaur, 2014). Also, there is hacking technology that can be used to hack the private information and confidential documents of the users. In this way, mobile computing technology can be exploited to misuse the data and information of an organisation. Effectively, in order to implement the mobile computing technology within the organisation requires technical assistance, hardware set up, and infrastructural advancement that can be costly at times (Agero et al., 2014). According to Alzahrani, Alalwan, and Sarrab (2014), ubiquitous nature of the mobile computing technology has transformed the lifestyle and living standard of the human beings influencing the regular business operations of any business firm. In the meanwhile, the convergence of ICT has enabled common people to get the accessibility of almost everything at their fingertips with the use of the internet connection and Smartphone technology. In another research conducted by Chung, Yoo, and Kim (2014) mobile computing technology have influenced the organisations to follow the latest trend of customisation of services as per the standard of living and lifestyle of the users to deliver the most satisfied services. Furthermore, the cutting edge mobile computing technology has provided a wide range of features to the common public to lead their everyday life at ease (Rahimi et al., 2013). Evidently, the ubiquitous nature of the technology has enabled the users to control the privacy settings a nd accessibility of the systems to their preferences (Ranjan, 2014). The research on the topic of the effects of mobile computing on business firms has involved a wide range of literature to be reviewed. Hence, the researcher has the issue to select the most appropriate literature relevant for the study. Besides, the previous literature on the topic dictates the role of mobile computing on personal living standards of the social public. For a broader perspective, the conventional research has lacked the evidence to show how the mobile computing has influenced the organisational benefits of the modern business. Although there is enough study to support the argument, there is a need for statistical analysis to review the effect of mobile computing on the performance of business firms. Research Questions/Hypothesis On the basis of the research gap identified in the above literature review, it can be seen that few research have been conducted in terms of identifying the benefits and challenges related to the use of mobile computing in an organisation. Hence, the primary objective of the research is to identify the benefits and challenges related to implementation of mobile computing in different organisations. In order to meet the research objectives, the research questions that will be answered in the study are presented herein below: What are the challenges related to mobile computing that are faced by the management of an organisation? How does mobile computing benefits the organisation in terms of communication? How does ICT or mobile computing improve the productivity and effectiveness of the workforce? What sort of privacy and security risk are faced by the organisations in terms of implementing mobile computing system in the organisation? On the basis of the above research questions and objective of the research, the hypothesis statements that will be evaluated in the study are presented herein below: H0: Null Hypothesis: Mobile computing does not lead to any challenge for the business organisations in the modern era of technology development. H1: Alternative Hypothesis: Mobile computing leads to different challenges for the business organisations in the modern era of technology development. Research Design and Methodology The methodology section of the study presents the blueprint of the research that will be used during the dissertation to conduct the research. The research design and methodology explains the tools and techniques used for collecting the data and conducting the analysis. Additionally, the research design explains the procedure applied in the study to present the findings and explain the outcome of the study (Goddard and Melville, 2011). In this research, both primary and secondary data collection methods will be used. As it has been found during the literature review that there are only few research in the field that has been conducted using primary data, the primary data analysis has been the primary target of the study. The primary data will be collected from the primary sources such as people related to the field of study in the form direct interviews and surveys (Ellermann, 2012). On the other hand, the secondary data will be collected from the secondary sources such as books, jou rnal articles, newspapers, government reports, and different online sources (Kothari and Garg, 2016). Furthermore, the analysis will be conducted using two different methods namely qualitative research analysis and quantitative research analysis that has been presented in the underlying section. Qualitative Research Qualitative research is conducted to explore the factors leading to a problem and seek proper solution to the issue. It is a type of exploratory research that helps to investigate the factors leading to the challenges in implementing mobile computing technology and understand the benefits of the system (Dixon, 2010). The qualitative research technique will be used in the research to conduct a critical review of the findings of the previous researchers and understand the major problems that are faced by the management of different organisations in implementing mobile computing system in their operational strategy (Jha, 2008). The data will be collected from books, articles, and online sources related to the topic and the theories developed by different authors will be compared and critically evaluated. Additionally, face to face or over the phone interviews will be conducted to observe the feedbacks of different entrepreneurs who uses mobile computing technology in their daily operati ons. The findings of the primary and secondary research will be presented using descriptive techniques in a thematic manner. Quantitative Research The quantitative research analysis technique will be used in the study to check the reliability and validity of the primary data. An online survey will be conducted in the study to collect feedback from around 100 participants regarding the use of mobile computing technology and the challenges faced by the management in terms of technological barriers, security and privacy issues and resistance from employees (Baran, 2013). The quantitative analysis will be used to perform descriptive statistics analysis that include calculation of mean, median, standard deviation, distribution of key variables (Ketchen and Bergh, 2014). Additionally, regression analysis and hypothesis testing will also be conducted to identify the extent of the issues related to the use of mobile computing system. Furthermore, the questionnaires that will be used in the research to collect primary data through survey has been presented in appendix 1 for further consideration. Research Limitations In the study proposal, the researcher has to deal with a number of complexities to complete the entire study. One of the leading challenges with the research is to identify the most suitable and appropriate literature study out of so many research conducted by modern authors. Apart from the selection of most evident literature, identifying the most effective methodology has been a major limitation associated to the research. In order to promote the academic concepts, the best methods and validity practices has to be taken into account (Ellermann, 2012). However, the limitation of time to complete the entire research has restricted the researcher to validate a number of aspects associated to the topic area. Evidently, sampling process can be termed as a significant limitation. Furthermore, to conduct the study, the researcher needs to collect primary data via interview and survey. Therefore, convenient ethical guidelines have been a major limitation to collect the relevant information and data. Time Schedule The limitation of time is the primary constraint of a research study. It is expected that the research will take around 5 months to be completed. On the basis of the project schedule, the research has begun on XX-XX-2017 and will be completed by xx-xx-2017. A detailed time schedule of the research has been presented using a Gantt chart in appendix 2. Conclusion By considering the above proposal, it can be seen that mobile computing has emerged to be an effective technique for communication and data transferring in an organisation. Additionally, mobile computing is cost effective and improves the system of communication implemented by an organisation. The research aims to study the impact of mobile computing over the performance of business organisations. Additionally, the study also identifies the benefits derived by the use of mobile computing technology for communication and data transferring in the organisation. However, there are several challenges that are faced by the management of different firms in using mobile computing system in the operations of the firm. For instance, the issues of security, privacy, and resistance from employees make it difficult for the management to effectively use the technology in the improvement of the current operations. Conclusively, the research will help to identify the issues and develop necessary sol utions for mitigating the problems related to the use of mobile computing in a business organisation. References Agero, R., Wenning, B., Timm-Giel, A. and Pesch, D. (2014). Recent Advances on Future Networks and Their Management.Mobile Networks and Applications, 19(6), pp.718-719. Alzahrani, A., Alalwan, N. and Sarrab, M. ( 2014) Mobile cloud computing: advantage, disadvantage and open challenge. InProceedings of the 7th Euro American Conference on Telematics and Information Systems(p. 21). ACM. Baran, M. (2013). Knowledge Management in Organizations. The Case of Business Clusters.Management and Business Administration. Central Europe, 21(4), pp.110-119. Basha, A. (2014). Mobile Applications as Cloud Computing: Implementation and Challenge.International Journal of Information and Electronics Engineering, 4(1). Chung, K., Yoo, J. and Kim, K. (2014). Recent trends on mobile computing and future networks.Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 18(3), pp.489-491. Dar, K., Taherkordi, A., Baraki, H., Eliassen, F. and Geihs, K. (2015). A resource oriented integration architecture for the Internet of Things: A business process perspective.Pervasive and Mobile Computing, 20, pp.145-159. Dinh, H., Lee, C., Niyato, D. and Wang, P. (2011). A survey of mobile cloud computing: architecture, applications, and approaches.Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 13(18), pp.1587-1611. Dixon, R. (2010).Methodology. Oxford [u.a.]: Oxford Univ. Press. Ellermann, T. (2012). Mobile Computing.Journal of Business Strategy, 23(3), pp.11-12. Goddard, W. and Melville, S. (2011).Research methodology. Kenwyn, South Africa: Juta Co. Gu, F., Niu, J. and He, Z. (2016). A Research on Mobile Cloud Computing and Future Trends.EAI Endorsed Transactions on Industrial Networks and Intelligent Systems, 3(7), p.151159. Han, Q., Liang, S. and Zhang, H. (2015). Mobile cloud sensing, big data, and 5G networks make an intelligent and smart world.IEEE Network, 29(2), pp.40-45. Jha, N. (2008).Research methodology. Chandigarh [India]: Abhishek Publications. Ketchen, D. and Bergh, D. (2014).Research methodology in strategy and management. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Kothari, C. and Garg, G. (2016).Research methodology. New Delhi: New Age International (P) Limeted. Kwon, K., Baker, P. and Church, A.R., Infiniwing, Inc. (2014).Systems and methods for securing mobile computing devices. U.S. Patent 8,649,169. Mitra, K., Saguna and Ahlund, C. (2014). A Mobile Cloud Computing System for Emergency Management.IEEE Cloud Computing, 1(4), pp.30-38. PalKaur, R. and Kaur, A. (2014). Perspectives of Mobile Cloud Computing: Architecture, Applications and Issues.International Journal of Computer Applications, 101(3), pp.9-14. Pejovic, V. and Musolesi, M. (2015). Anticipatory Mobile Computing.ACM Computing Surveys, 47(3), pp.1-29. Rahimi, M., Ren, J., Liu, C., Vasilakos, A. and Venkatasubramanian, N. (2013). Mobile Cloud Computing: A Survey, State of Art and Future Directions.Mobile Networks and Applications, 19(2), pp.133-143. Ranjan, R. (2014). The Cloud Interoperability Challenge.IEEE Cloud Computing, 1(2), pp.20-24. Subramanian, N., Yang, C. and Zhang, W. (2007). Securing distributed data storage and retrieval in sensor networks.Pervasive and Mobile Computing, 3(6), pp.659-676.

Islam Hajj Essay Example

Islam Hajj Essay Hajj Overview oPilgrimage is the supreme prayer for forgiveness of sins committed and the ultimate preparation for eternity oPilgrimage rituals which must be performed, eg circumambulation of the Ka’ba oThe rites of the Hajj symbolise the essential concepts of Islam and commemorate the trials of the Prophet Ibrahim and his family oHajj: The annual, week-long pilgrimage to Mecca (in modern-day Saudi Arabia), which is the fifth pillar of faith and is therefore an obligation as it is prescribed in the Qur’an. The complete Hajj occurs two months and ten days after Ramadan ends and culminates with ‘Id al-Adha (the Festival of Sacrifice). oIhram: The white garments are symbolic of human equality and unity before God, since all pilgrims are dressed similarly. Money and status are no longer a factor for the pilgrims— the equality of each person before God becomes foremost. oBefore they leave they must pay their debts, provide for for Hajj nd provide for any family that may be left behind. oThe rituals occur in and around Mecca. Before commencing Hajj or entering the holy area of Makkah the pilgrams must prepare themselves for the physical and spiritual journey ahead. This includes †¢Formal washing of the complete body †¢Making intention †¢Putting on the clothing consisting of two seamless pieces of white cloth for males. Females can wear what they like, provided its modest and covers body. †¢Attaining a state of Ihram, a state of purity, peace and honesty > ref raining from sex, flirting, lustful thoughts, wearing shoes or socks. Reciting a prayer that the Hajj is for Allah alone > â€Å"here I am responding to your call O Allah. I am responding to your call. † oThen begins the physical journey of the pilgrim in Makkah. One that will take several days to complete. Significance oMuslims believe that the rites of Hajj were designed by God and taught by the Prophet Muhammad. oThe Hajj is designed to develop God consciousness and a sense of spiritual rebirth. oIt is also believed to be an opportunity to seek forgiveness of sins accumulated throughout life. Prophet Muhammad had said that a person who performs Hajj properly ‘will return as a newly born baby [free of all sins]’. oIt is also an opportunity for Muslims from all over the world to come together to worship the One God. How Hajj Expresses the Belief of Islam oIncorpoates and expresses all the main articles of faith of Islam (beliefs about Allah, his messengers, Muha mmad, the Qur’an, angels, Adam and eve the devil, life, death and the Day of Judgment to come. oTradition has it that Adam and Eve were forgiven by Allah near Mount of Mercy. We will write a custom essay sample on Islam Hajj specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Islam Hajj specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Islam Hajj specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In gratitude Adam built the first Ka’ba but this was washed away in the great flood. oIn the Qur’an there are many references to the Hajj and pilgrimage is mentioned many times. In fact Sura 22 is titled Al-Hajj †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Proclaim the pilgrimage to the people. They will come to you on foot and on every lean camel, they shall come from every deep ravine† Significance of Hajj for the individual and the community o‘The reward for an accepted Hajj is nothing less than paradise’ (Hadith) oMakes present the central beliefs of a muslims religion. It is an obligatory pilgrimage oThey get to see the very places where the Prophet Muhammad lived and to walk in his footsteps is inspirational and strengthening to faith oAn opportunity for spiritual rebirth and the removal of sins, to start again and ‘return like a newborn baby’ (Hadith) oThe rejection of Satan by stoning the three pillars is a physical act that reinforces a spiritual and psycholog ical commitment to reject evil both now and into the future oThe pilgrims state of Ihram is one of purity and humility. Here they are at peace with Allah, with themselves, with other Muslims and with all of creation. This memory will stay with them and they will try to recreate this in their everyday lives. oWithin Hajj the unity and universality of Islam are highlighted and strengthened. oHajj is the largest annual peace gathering in the world with over 2 million people gathering each year to pray together and be at peace with each other and with creation. oHajj reminds all Muslims of the Day of Judgement when all will assemble and be judged on their intentions. Conclusion Islam, the world’s second most followed religion can be summed up in the two sentences: ‘There is no god but God’ and ‘Muhammad is the messenger of God’. Everyone and everything depends upon Allah and it is through the guidance of the Qur’an and the example set by the Prophet’s life that Muslims cultivate an understanding of God and surrender themselves to the will of God. The relationship between the individual and God and with the community is expressed in the living out of the five pillars and following Shari‘a. Throughout its history, there have been shifts in how Islam views signifi cant people and schools of thought, and the modern world has brought new challenges to Islamic jurisprudence in regard to ethical issues. Muslims living in Australia have not always found it easy to ‘live out’ their religion according to Shari‘a and have had to confront misconceptions about their beliefs and practices. Today, however, the practices of Islam are a normal part of Australia’s religious landscape.

5 WARNING Signs You Have a Terrible Boss

5 WARNING Signs You Have a Terrible Boss So many people change jobs to get away from a manager they don’t get along with, or can’t stand. Bad bosses are the absolute worst. It makes enjoying your work exponentially harder, and can even give you so much stress you end up taking a good bit of that stress home. Before you decide whether you need to bail, it might be a good idea to get clear on what it is you’d be running from if you decided to leave your current job. That way you’ll have a better idea what to look for: a new job/career- or just a different boss. Here are 5 signs that it isn’t you or your current position; it’s your terrible boss:1. You’re Always MicromanagedApart from being thoroughly annoying in almost all cases, micromanaging can also be sign of a bad boss. Despite their piety, their overzealous attention to your every move doesn’t increase your productivity- quite the contrary. If you’re left wishing your boss would just trust you to do the job she hired you for, and you’re near exasperation†¦ sounds like a bad boss factor.2. You Can Never Reach OutOr it’s the opposite: your boss is AWOL whenever you need him or her. When you have a question, a concern, an urgent to-do- the door is shut. Everyone is busy, and you want your manager to be a mover and a shaker in your field, but it is important to make face time with your employees. And at least to be available in a crisis.3. You Feel BulliedIf you feel personally victimized by your boss, that’s a bad sign. If your boss belittles you, insults you, undermines you, calls you out publicly for things that aren’t your fault, or interferes with your work†¦ then they are in the wrong, and very unprofessional. Bad boss!4. Inconsistency is CommonThe mark of a good boss- even a tough one, is consistency. If your boss is Jekyll and Hyde-ing you left and right, is generally unreliable, and changes plans and strategies midstream, then there’s n ot much you’ll be able to do to fix the situation.5. There’s a Two-Way Lack of TrustIf you don’t trust your boss, and you feel a palpable lack of trust coming from her to you? That’s a problem. If you don’t have each other’s backs in the appropriate employer/employee way, there’s not much hope.If one or two- or even all- of these things sum up your situation, there are some things you can try to do before jumping ship:Try to Fix the RelationshipPeople can, and do, change. If you don’t already think your boss is the devil incarnate, it might be worth a little interpersonal work to see if you can’t get off on a better foot together. It could fail, but you’d be no worse off. The best way to go about this is to first acknowledge your own failings and accept responsibility for the ways in which you are not contributing in the best way to the relationship. It’s an exercise in maturity, and worth a try.Escape With out EscapingSometimes it’s possible to move within your company. Try getting switched onto another team, or to another department- even a different office. You’ll have the added advantage of being able to network yourself closer to an open position before it hits the open internet. Start by making yourself available to help different coworkers on different teams; that’s a great way to introduce yourself and your skill set.Start LookingSave yourself from quitter’s remorse and don’t just storm out one day never to return. Prepare for the inevitable, if it is indeed inevitable. Start looking for new jobs, preparing your resume, etc. You never know, your best opportunity could come out of this one bad situation. You just need to keep your head up and make the proper moves.

Juvenile Delinquecy and Its Best Strategies Essay

Juvenile Delinquecy and Its Best Strategies - Essay Example Youth offense is a major issue and an element of crime which be given huge concentration from the politicians and news media. â€Å"Delinquency is not an inherited trait, like some forms of diseases or alcoholism. It is acquired through parental neglect, poverty, environment, frustration at society, and, perhaps most important of all, peer pressure† (Hass, 2010). In the US, a juvenile criminal is a human being, who has not yet attained the age of eighteen and whose activities have been tagged as juvenile delinquency by any court. The particular requirements are different from state to state. In the US, the federal government enacted legislation to unify the conduct of juvenile delinquents through the Delinquency Act of 1975 and juvenile justice. History of juvenile justice and approaches to its Prevention: The formal method of juvenile justice has been in existence in the US for almost 200 years. â€Å"The early reformers envisioned a regime in which young offenders would rec eive treatment that would cure them of their antisocial ways—a system in which criminal responsibility and punishment had no place. Because of the juvenile court's rehabilitative purpose, procedures were informal and dispositions were indeterminate† (Scott, 2008). ... Before the nineteenth century, the abnormal behavior of teenagers was handled in a casual manner inside the family and not through a formal juvenile justice method. The growth of the society for renovation of juvenile delinquents and other like minded civic organizations to deal with the rising problem of juvenile delinquency, reflected society’s usual concern with instilling straight outlook behaviors in its adolescents. This was chiefly true throughout the 20th century when the term juvenile justice was adopted. The origins of juvenile delinquency are difficult to comprehend as well as are not frequently well implied and consist of psychiatric, family and other such issues or a mixture of all these. It is significant to recognize the interplay of these factors for adolescence, when planning facility delivery, in order to congregate the desires of the youth. The 1990s have brought a propagation of forensic mental health experts who concentrate in psychiatric evaluation of tee nagers involved at various points in the juvenile justice method. These practitioners are trained to concentrate on assessing the legal and mental health issues as well as to give essential information that will help attorneys and judges to decide whether the individual is a convict or not. These evaluations can also be crucial in assisting contributors who are involved in planning a method of care for an adolescent along with his or her family. Then again, professionals are concerned with juvenile justice population in an assortment of settings and can intervene in methods that facilitate more efficient care giving. An exhaustive examination of all stakeholders to juvenile delinquency and a complete description of the issues addressed: The

AS 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

AS 3 - Assignment Example As such, if there is an improper use of the resources, then there is someone who can be questioned and charged. Hence, it does away with conflicts that may arise due to misuse of these resources in the society. Also, property rights enhance trade in the society as individual owners can transact business, sell and buy their assets under the regulations set in the capitalist markets they operate. One contemporary policy that is aligned with the interpretation of the view by Marx on the primary role of property rights in the capability of capitalism to persist is that known as the National mining and minerals policy (Legal Information Institute, n.d.). The policy seeks to outline and articulate the role of the Federal government in boosting private ownership and enterprises. Yes, there are intrinsic social forces that work to challenge the function of property rights in a capitalist system. Some of these forces are those arising from corruption and greed among people in power. These people fail to follow the right and legal procedure permitted to own a property or properties. As such, they undermine the role of property rights in a capitalist system. Thus, they align with the view of Marx that private property is not the best means to deal with the inevitable truth of scarcity due to the instability they bring about on ownership in the

America’s Two Assemblies Essay Example for Free

America’s Two Assemblies Essay Introduction The U.S. government is composed of a bicameral Congress. The first one is the Senate, which is represented equally by the states. The second one is the House of Representatives, which is represented by population. This setup is proposed by the Connecticut Compromise, which combines the proposal of New Jersey and Virginia regarding the issues surrounding the creation of a new Congress. New Jersey, one of the smaller states, insisted that each state should have equal representation in the Congress. But the Virginia Plan argued that a legislature based on population is more fitting. So as a result, the two proposals were combined satisfactorily forming the two houses of the Congress (Lader 2002, 55). The U.S. Senate, or the upper house, is bestowed with different powers, one of which is the power to approve the laws and treaties created by the presidential or the executive branch of the government, as well as the ones coming from the lower house. It approves the laws and treaties by the virtue of two-thirds of votes of the whole Senate population. If that number is not reached, the law can be outwardly rejected, shelved, or is requested to be amended (Powers and Procedures 2006, 1). The lower house, or the House of Representatives, on the other hand, is bestowed the power to create bill which, in turn will turn into a law that the whole nation will follow, and eventually, benefit from. The House of Representatives meets to create bills and resolutions, discusses them, and passes them on to the Senate for further review and ratification (The Legislative Process 2006, 1). These are the basic functions of both the Houses. The functions of creating laws will be further discussed in this paper to show that these two assemblies are essential in any system of government to ensure checks and balances on government power. II. Making a Law A bill starts from an idea of a person. It won’t matter if he is a part of the Congress, a social group or organization, or just a regular citizen. The idea then is brought to the House of Representatives so that they can hear out the pros and cons about it. A group especially designed to cater to the needs and the interest of that idea hears it. For example, if the idea is about education, the House Committee on Education and the Workforce handles it. The law starts from a single thought that is processed and formed into a bill (Donovan 2004, 6-11). All American law starts out this way as a bill. A bill is a document that proposes an entirely new law or an amendment to an existing one. The bill can be passed by any member of the Congress, even though the idea of making a law comes from government departments or from political parties, as announced in the party platforms during election campaigns. A bill passed by a member of the House of Representative as projected by the government is called the â€Å"Government Bill.† If an individual member of the Congress passes a bill, it is called a â€Å"Private Member’s Bill† (Brody 2001, 1-3). A bill is not a law yet; it has to be approved first by both the Houses of the Congress, and should be affirmed by the incumbent President. The two Houses of Congress will be assessing the bill and has the power to add proposals to make the necessary changes in it. These proposals are usually debated on; speeches are crafted to pronounce a member’s stand towards the bill. The Congress will be voting towards the approval or the shelving of the bill. Usually, the bill has to be read thrice and has to go through all the necessary changes before it is successfully passed on each House of Congress (Holder 1997, 1-4). Here, we see the interaction of the two Houses of the Congress. A law can impact the nation’s economy, and so that the lawmakers themselves, either from the upper or lower house won’t make a law that would benefit them individually or wholly. Intense deliberation and scrutiny is performed on the every bill that was conceptualized and is passed in the hope that it will be implemented only to benefit the many (Brady McCubbins 2002, 17). III. The Showcase of Balance The innate need of one House of the Congress for the other shows that there is balance in the legislative branch of the government itself. One cannot exist without the other. A bill will not become a law in the absence of either the houses. There would be no law implemented and conceptualized by just one House alone. A single law has to go through the process as required by both the Houses of the Congress (Sajo 1999, 69). These laws, on the other hand, will not become valid without being finalized and approved by the executive branch of government, which is composed of the President and his Cabinet. The final say still belongs to the Head of State. But he cannot influence the Congress as to what laws they should make or ratify. The executive branch can propose and lobby for a bill, but it cannot fully instruct the Congress to just pass it in its favor. Even if the bill is proposed from the above, it still has to go through the same processes. No special treatment is given (Sajo 1999, 89). At this point, the balance between the two branches of the government, namely executive and legislative becomes evident. The President of the United States in his supreme power and capacity, cannot, in any way, influence the Congress to absolutely work for him. He cannot mandate what laws he wanted to be created and passed over to him for finalization. In essence, his office is equal to the legislative office. They work in parallel of each other, so that one cannot take advantage of one another (Sajo 1999, 99). Without the Congress doing its job, the President will have the freedom of making laws himself for whatever reasons he finds urgent. And laws have a big impact to a nation. One wrong law could mean economic distress. One selfish law could suppress freedom. One inappropriate law could wreak havoc. Without the Congress, the President will have his absolute power. The U.S. democratic form of government is gone and a totalitarian form of government will take its place. When that happens, the power shifts heavily to the executive branch of the government (Borrelli 2002, 18). Another branch of the government is the judicial branch. Although the branch does not actively participate in the law-making process, it is directly involved in the implementation of such laws. Even if the legislative body makes the laws and the executive finalizes it, they do not participate in the process of making sure that the laws are fully observed and strictly followed by all members of the society. This is the job of the judiciary. The law applies to all, and that includes the lawmakers who created them and the President of the United States himself. Without the judicial branch of government doing its assigned task of maintaining harmony and peace within the nation’s constituents, the laws would become worthless (Berger et al 2001, 606). IV. The Law and the Society A harmonious society simply cannot exist unless the people who belong in it respect all the governing law implemented to a considerable degree. Laws have the power to settle certain issues in the society and the government. If all people respect the law enough, they would choose to reconcile their individual differences to the context of what is right and valid, as provided by the law’s provisions. All laws should be respectable and sound enough to be appreciated by everyone. Law and morality should also come hand in hand; otherwise, the people will have to choose either to lose their morality or their respect of the law. Laws are created so as to maintain justice in the society; therefore law and justice should be one and the same in the minds of the people (Bastiat 2004, 22). Lawmakers should take it upon themselves to make and amend laws according to the interests of the general public and not for their own personal gains. Laws should help accelerate the resolution of current social conflicts and national dilemma. Every law in the land should represent their citizens accordingly. The law is so powerful it can make a society; and that power is also enormous enough to destroy it in a rather big and convincing way (Lempert Sanders 1986, 15-20). And this is the main responsibility bestowed upon the shoulders of the legislative branch of government. A balanced government cannot exist in the absence of the Congress. The power will swing indefinitely to either the judicial or the executive branch. And the result of that can prove to be perilous to the society (Lempert Sanders 1986, 26-27). V. Conclusion The American law is intensely compiled, created, and enacted to serve a greater purpose in the society. The burden of enhancing the laws does not depend solely on the solons and lawmakers. We, as individual members of the society, have an immense duty to promote and participate in the creation of these laws as well. We have to be active members of the society and have to make a mark for our own good. We should all help the legislative branch to preserve the balance of power in the government and the society. Works Cited Bastiat, Frederick. (2004). The Law. Montana: Kessinger Publishing. Berger, Marsall J., Schatz Gerald S., Laufer Deborah S. (2001). Federal Administrative Dispute Resolution Deskbook. Illinois: American Bar Association. Borrelli, Maryanne. (2002). The Presidents Cabinet: Gender, Power, and Representation. Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers. Brady, David W McCubbins, Matthew D. (2002). Party, Process, and Political Change in Congress: New Perspectives on the History of Congress. California: Stanford University Press. Brody, David C. (2001). Criminal Law. Maryland: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Donovan, Sandy. (2004). Making Laws: A Look at How a Bill Becomes a Law. Minnesota: Lerner Publications. Holder, Angela R. (1997). The Meaning of the Constitution. New York: Barrons Educational Series. Lader, Curt. (2002). Barrons How to Prepare for the Ap U.S. Government and Politics. New York: Barrons Educational Series. Lempert, Richard Sanders Joseph. (1986). An Invitation to Law and Social Science: Deserts, Disputes and Distribution. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Powers Procedures. (2006). United States Senate. [Online] Available at http://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/history/one_item_and_teasers/powers.htm. Sajo, Andras. (1999). Limiting Government: An Introduction to Constitutionalism. New York: Central European University Press. The Legislative Process. (2006). United State House of Represenatives. [Online] Available at http://www.house.gov/house/Tying_it_all.shtml.

Differences and Similarities in Hamlet :: Essays Papers

Differences and Similarities in Hamlet (1) Shakespeare’s play Hamlet [Titles] uses character flaws and strong emotions to highlight strengths and weaknesses in his characters. He also uses differences and similarities between characters to force action along the path he intends the story to travel. This technique is called using foils. The likes or dislikes of one character for another can completely alter the direction of the story. For example, love of a son for his father can be twisted and perverted, with the proper use of characters, into an outlet for hatred and revenge. [This is a very nice idea for a thesis, but instead of using Gertrude and Ophelia as foils (See below.), it would have been much better to use Fortinbras, who, like Hamlet, is also a son of a king who has been killed. Gertrude and Ophelia simply do not fit the category of "son."] (2) An example of foils is Hamlet and Laertes. [Which is the foil?] They both love their fathers, but their love has been distorted and all they feel now is a need for revenge for their fathers’ deaths. The need they have for revenge is fueled by their love for the father’s [No '] they lost. However, they pay for this with their lives. They both are honorable men, they both see the errors they made and forgive each other at the end of the play. Hamlet and Laertes are similar in some ways and different in other ways. (3) Laertes blames Hamlet for the death of his father. [Poor topic sentence] This becomes even worse when Claudius doesn’t openly punish Hamlet because of his popularity. Hamlet knows that Laertes is a good soldier and is loyal to Claudius. These men differ in the way they seek revenge. Laertes, upon arrival and hearing of his father’s death immediately goes to Claudius and seeks justice for his father. On the other hand, Hamlet doesn’t show any need for speed at all. He begins to devise an intricate plan of faked mental instability and other ploys to get his way. However, Laertes would not hesitate to take his revenge quickly. [This is, perhaps, Laertes' most important role as a foil for Hamlet. It should be emphasized more, by showing how Laertes' haste brings Hamlet's procrastination into the sunlight.

Operational Management Fields of Hard Rock Cafe Essay

Operation management is an academic field of study that focuses on the effective planning, scheduling, control and use of service firm and their operations as show by the case study of the Hard Rock Cafà ©. The operational management synthesizes concepts that have been produced from all other departments such as quality management, accounting, information systems and inventory among others. To ensure that the company has sustenance in the business, it is always paramount to have operational management strategy. This will ensure that the management of the resources that they have will always be used as required and towards development of the business. There are different strategic levels that are involved in the operation management. Various managers to ensure that the final goals and objectives are met spearhead these levels. Therefore, these levels will be evaluated in the Hard Rock Cafà © to see how well they have met them in conjunction to the way they operate their business. Du ring layout of the operations, strategic managers are supposed to ensure that long time level management strategy is put in 0place to ensure that the business is able to pass the test of time thus expanding to bigger heights. Operational managers in the hotel are supposed to ensure that decisions on their food production service as well as delivery is well planned to ensure that the hotel have consistent service delivery. Process and layout decision of the business, site location as well as the capacity that the business can hold at any given time is part of the strategic management that will be evaluated. In evaluating Hard Rock Cafà ©, various elements will be looked at and how best the business has satisfied them. Therefore, to ensure that it there is exhaustive evaluation, these components will be categorized in the following ways. †¢Increase of hotel Capacity †¢vertical integration †¢Technology used in the business. †¢Recruitment and employees maintenance †¢Expansion strategy †¢Increase in Capacity According to the history that the Hard Rock Cafà © has demonstrated over the years, it vividly shows that it has bigger capacity currently. With its 30 years of existence, it has made it possible to have 100 cafà ©s, three hotels, casinos, live music venues, a huge annual Rock fest concert as wells a rock museum. Due to the capacity that the cafà © enjoys, it is regarded to be among service industry that in US has employed 75% of its population. Its operational management strategy of ensuring that it increases its capacity has made it expand spontaneously throughout the country with 40 locations in different places in US by 1998. This has ensured that it is serving a meal capacity of 100,000 meals on daily basis. Its capacity expansion has seen the then cafà © expand growing to over 106 locations in 38 countries in the world. Through their good capacity growth, the hotel has been named among the top ten-restaurant worldwide enjoying 92% name recognition. Vertical integration According to microeconomics and management this a style that a business sector that adopt. It is especially where by different companies in supply chain is united through a common owner to produce market-specific service to ensure that customer’s needs are satisfied. Through upholding this operational management strategy, the business avoids hold up problem. In the Hard Rock Cafà ©, there are different customers especially tourist who come from different countries. According to their case study, 70% of their customers are tourist from different countries. Therefore taking note of this, they have ensured that different food to ensure that they satisfy their customers. The Cafà © has grown to global arena where they have applied vertical integration strategy through making sure that they have integrated the traditional food of those places to ensure that at the end, they satisfy their customers. According to the statistics, the cafà © has gone to 40 different countries global ly therefore; they had to ensure that they have that vertical integration strategy. Their variety menus that they offer depending with the country they are situated in are like pork, beef and chicken. Other foods are like hamburger, cheeseburger, French fries among many others depending with the demand of their customers. All the sales of the above named food are managed from a central position in t headquarter to ensure diversification of the menu and appropriate change according to the prospected customers. This ensures the business have a very intensive growth now rated among the top ten restaurant in the world. Use of Technology in the business For every business that has a future projection, technology is paramount in their operational management. Failure to uphold technology in the business, their services will eventually turn obsolete. Therefore, to ensure that they increase the speed of the services that they offer to their customers, Hard Rock Cafà © has upheld technology especially the computer technology that is so rampant in the business sector. This is to ensure that they increase the efficiency of their business, reducing procurement cost as they operate globally as well as multitasking. This makes them to ensure that they have increased the productivity of the company. According to the business case study, it shows that the heart of the sale forecasting of the business is the point-of-sale system (POS). This system helps the business to capture data of the transaction that have been done in the cafà ©. The system give the business the ability to estimate the number of the customers who visit their business as e very entry represent one customer. This is very helpful in putting production and expansion strategy. The method is quick and efficient with low cost involved. The data that is capture is transferred to the main offices in Orlando corporate database. This is where the process f0orecast is done through evaluation o the data capture on daily basis. This ensures the business is capable of maintaining sustainable services to the customers thus satisfying their customers’ needs. Due to the appropriate use of the technology, the financial team that is lead by Lindsey is able to forecast guest count, retail sales, concert sales and banquet sales of each cafà © per month. This lead to appropriate operational management. In the act of holding the technology, the business has done well in this service sector. They have introduced a sophisticated application of statistics in the menu planning. They have used multiple regression method through the appropriate usage of computer that help s in computing the impact of demand of one meal to other menu whenever the price has been changed. Therefore, this help them to plan well incase of price change especially to the supplementary menus. This helps the business to capitalize in this strategy to increase their sales. Workforce of the business Any business idea can be driven to accomplish bigger things in the business arena or be guided to a terrible failure by the kind of the employees that are employed. Through deployment of competent employees and ensuring that their morale is kept high through incentives, the goals of the business are easily achieved. This is because they know what to do and how to it better. According to most of the human resource managers, they regard employees as the most important resource in the business. Therefore, they needed to be appreciated and be held with utmost respect. They need to be reward through monetary and non-monetary programs to ensure that they deliver according to the required level. Hard Rock Cafà © is not an exceptional. According to their operational management strategy, recruitment and maintenance of the employees in the company has been their core value. They are out to create a good working environment for their employees to ensure that the culture that they have created is sustained. According to them, they accept and nurture creativity, diversi ty and individuality of each employee to ensure that they employees are given freedom to explore their diversity. This environment according to corporate training manager, it creates a working environment of the company beyond paycheck creating new challenge on daily basis. This is helpful to the employees as it increases their production. The business ensures that it gets the best employee in the initial stage that ensures that he/she is easily integrated to their culture. A new applicant is screened in different aspects that will make them be easily integrated in the business operation. They look for a highly motivated, bright, positive altitude individual who have an employee bill of rights and substantial employment empowerment. Through a proper recruitment process, they have ensured that they are able to maintain a low labor turnover. Employees are subjected to training to ensure that they are competent in their functioning. Everyone who go to work in the Cafà ©, they get Rock 101 which is a two day training class. This enables them to be integrated in the working team much faster. The work force of the Hard Rock Cafà © is offered a good package of reward among other incentives. There are offered overtime allowances and benefits for those who work for overtime. They offer internal training to individuals as well as high-level internal promotion that make the employees production to be always high. According to the company, 60% of the managers in the cafà ©, they are promoted from hour working ranks. Expansion strategy The main aim of al the business is to make profit. Otherwise, this can be well demonstrated through their idea of expansion. This means that, they are capable of meeting other basics needs of the company as well as getting more resources to compete with others in different arenas. Expansion of a business is of different nature. This ranges from the variety of the products that they offer on daily basis, opening of new branches as well as recruitment of more employees in the business capacity. According to Hard Rock Cafà ©, the business has embraced this operational management strategy through carefully choosing a new location whenever the expansion is to be upheld. They ensure that they make a good and a careful decision making process to ensure that the investment that has to be placed in it meet a long time investment strategy. To ensure that their expansion strategy does not go in vain, they ensure that they are sensitive on those factors that may be a setback to their investment s. Such factors are political risk, social norms of that location, social cost, currency risk, brand fit and business practices. The business uses global operation strategy, which is a multi domestic strategy. They tat time engage in the franchise as way of acquiring business firm ground in the new location. This also ensure that they are capable of local ownership of the business bring about unique capability therefore decreasing difficulties in the implementation of their goals. Operations management challenges of Hard Rock Cafà © in considering an expansion of its business into Hanoi All the business that has an objec5tive of doing their business across the boundaries of their country encounters several challenges. Hard Rock Cafà © is not an exceptional as it has been hit by different challenges across the globe. In considering its expansion in Hanoi Vietnam, it should be well prepared because according to different market survey done in that country shows that, though the town is developing at an alarming rate, it poses different challenges to especially foreign business. Some of the challenges that are likely to be encountered by the business are discussed below. Infrastructure Despite of the town being the capital city of Vietnam, it is far from establishing good infrastructure to cater for the business that is done in the town. Poor transport facilities are conspicuous making transportation of goods as well as services to be expensive and difficult. Hard Hotel especially will experience this challenge, as its customers are mostly tourist who may require good transport facilities. The communication facilities have not grown better as compared to most of other towns like Hong Kong in Japan. This makes the business that requires intensive communication to ensure that they operate their business like Hard Rock Cafà © to be threatened to use more of its resources in communication facilities making their initial cost of starting the business in Hanoi be very high. Calamities Vietnam is a country that is prone to such calamities as earthquake of high magnitude. Such calamities cannot be predicted making most of the business in towns like Hanoi to always be at risk. Therefore, if the Hard Rock Cafà © is ready to open a business in this place, they should have to anticipate the cause of loss that might be severally caused by this calamity. They may have to do lots of investment in insuring their business against such calamities that means higher operation cost. Government policies The cost of doing business in Hanoi poses great challenge that come about with the policies that the business has to encounter from the government of Vietnam. The tax imposition is high especially to foreigners making them to operate at high prices thus low turn over. There is a lot of problem regarding the laws governing the start of the business making it take a lot of time to start it. This may put off the business at the initial stage thus loss incurred. Therefore, the Cafà © require having a long focus in the start of the business, which is still expensive in terms of time, resources and money. To get finance from the government is tedious and regulated so much. This will make the business to come prepared to virtually finance solely from their own cash. This may be a little bit disadvantageous to the business as it may require some more financing from the government in the end. Discrimination According to the research that was done in the town, most of the business from the foreign countries succumb discrimination from the residence. This through the language barrier as well as not preferring to buy from their business. Though this has been declining with time, it has been in limelight for a while making the business loss considerably compared to the homegrown businesses. Therefore, the Hard Rock Cafà © should be prepared to form a strategic plan to counter that. Competition Due to the globalization, most of the business is taking the advantage of getting to the developing countries. According to PriceWaterHouse Coopers, Hanoi has been rated among the towns that are growing very fast in terms of population t0owards 2015. There is also projection of building of another airport in the town before 2015 to add to the one that is in the town. This will make the town to be very accessible from all over the country. Therefore, this has made much business including Hotel services business to flock in the town. This makes such business as Hard Rock Cafà © to be prepared for stiff competition that may pose danger to the expansion of the business in the town. This will require them to get good strategy to cope up with the competition Cultural practices and ethics The services that Hard Rock Cafà © offers are surrounded by culture and ethics of each community. Therefore, this is an anticipated challenge that the hotel will have to face in the country. With most of the population being Buddhist in religion taking a share of 92%, the hotel should ensure that they do good analysis of the service that they require in terms of food, music and other services. They have to ensure that they are able to integrate these cultures with other to create acceptance. Opportunities for Hard Rock when considering an expansion of its business into Hanoi Finances Due to the position that the business has, it is capable of overcoming the disadvantage that most of the competitor are experiencing due to finance. It has been operating for a long time therefore, having the advantage of strong finance hold that can be able to sustain it until the business that it will open in Hanoi gets a good ground. This will make it more competitive in such a fast developing place and taking that advantage to propel to greater height. Experienced personnel As the Hard Rock has been in other international markets, most of these problems has been solved else where by its personnel. Therefore, by the personnel, that it recruits who are diverse and very flexible in their way of working, they are capable of solving different issues concerning the business and strategizing for further growth in all the countries including Vietnam. Integrated services The business offers integrated services that most of its competitors do not offer. A part from food and services, they offer entertainment such as music. Due to cultural diversification of the town, there are always parties and celebrations at different times over the years. The town has a good number of Christians, Islam, and Buddhist among other religions who have different celebrations according to their culture in different time of the year. This makes the market a favorable place for the Hard Rock Cafà © to use its integrated services to especially make their business be accepted in this place by the residence. This is through involving all the cultural and religion values through music and interrelation events in their cafà ©. Growth of the town The population of this town in 2004 was rated to be about 4 million people. However, after six years, the population has grown past six million with anticipation with more. This means cheap labor will be available for the business as well as great market for their products. The building of another airport in the town will increase the ease of transport and hence reduce cost. It will also offer an additional terminal for the tourist to the town. This will be a great boost to Hard Rock Cafà ©. Conclusion Hard Rock Cafà © has established itself as a competing business in the international arena. This has made it to go all over the world at be chosen among the top ten restaurant worldwide. Therefore, through its objective human resource and good organizations structure as well as highly rated personnel, it is likely to be one business to watch in the service providing industry in the near future.